A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021
Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) can be divided into three groups: bacteria, parasites, and viruses. They are transmitted by a wide range of tick species and cause a variety of human, animal, and zoonotic diseases. A total of 148 publications were found on tick-borne pathogens in wild animals, reporting...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/9/1858 |
| _version_ | 1797484454932905984 |
|---|---|
| author | Baptiste Defaye Sara Moutailler Vanina Pasqualini Yann Quilichini |
| author_facet | Baptiste Defaye Sara Moutailler Vanina Pasqualini Yann Quilichini |
| author_sort | Baptiste Defaye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) can be divided into three groups: bacteria, parasites, and viruses. They are transmitted by a wide range of tick species and cause a variety of human, animal, and zoonotic diseases. A total of 148 publications were found on tick-borne pathogens in wild animals, reporting on 85 species of pathogens from 35 tick species and 17 wild animal hosts between 2000 and February 2021. The main TBPs reported were of bacterial origin, including <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. and <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. A total of 72.2% of the TBPs came from infected ticks collected from wild animals. The main tick genus positive for TBPs was <i>Ixodes</i>. This genus was mainly reported in Western Europe, which was the focus of most of the publications (66.9%). It was followed by the <i>Hyalomma</i> genus, which was mainly reported in other areas of the Mediterranean Rim. These TBPs and TBP-positive tick genera were reported to have come from a total of 17 wild animal hosts. The main hosts reported were game mammals such as red deer and wild boars, but small vertebrates such as birds and rodents were also found to be infected. Of the 148 publications, 12.8% investigated publications on Mediterranean islands, and 36.8% of all the TBPs were reported in seven tick genera and 11 wild animal hosts there. The main TBP-positive wild animals and tick genera reported on these islands were birds and <i>Hyalomma</i> spp. Despite the small percentage of publications focusing on ticks, they reveal the importance of islands when monitoring TBPs in wild animals. This is especially true for wild birds, which may disseminate their ticks and TBPs along their migration path. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:04:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21aa4ff08bf14fe99271485d68aecd33 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:04:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-21aa4ff08bf14fe99271485d68aecd332023-11-23T17:54:25ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-09-01109185810.3390/microorganisms10091858A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021Baptiste Defaye0Sara Moutailler1Vanina Pasqualini2Yann Quilichini3UMR CNRS Science Pour l’Environnement 6134, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Projet GEM, 20250 Corte, FranceANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceUMR CNRS Science Pour l’Environnement 6134, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Projet GEM, 20250 Corte, FranceUMR CNRS Science Pour l’Environnement 6134, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Projet GEM, 20250 Corte, FranceTick-borne pathogens (TBPs) can be divided into three groups: bacteria, parasites, and viruses. They are transmitted by a wide range of tick species and cause a variety of human, animal, and zoonotic diseases. A total of 148 publications were found on tick-borne pathogens in wild animals, reporting on 85 species of pathogens from 35 tick species and 17 wild animal hosts between 2000 and February 2021. The main TBPs reported were of bacterial origin, including <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. and <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. A total of 72.2% of the TBPs came from infected ticks collected from wild animals. The main tick genus positive for TBPs was <i>Ixodes</i>. This genus was mainly reported in Western Europe, which was the focus of most of the publications (66.9%). It was followed by the <i>Hyalomma</i> genus, which was mainly reported in other areas of the Mediterranean Rim. These TBPs and TBP-positive tick genera were reported to have come from a total of 17 wild animal hosts. The main hosts reported were game mammals such as red deer and wild boars, but small vertebrates such as birds and rodents were also found to be infected. Of the 148 publications, 12.8% investigated publications on Mediterranean islands, and 36.8% of all the TBPs were reported in seven tick genera and 11 wild animal hosts there. The main TBP-positive wild animals and tick genera reported on these islands were birds and <i>Hyalomma</i> spp. Despite the small percentage of publications focusing on ticks, they reveal the importance of islands when monitoring TBPs in wild animals. This is especially true for wild birds, which may disseminate their ticks and TBPs along their migration path.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/9/1858islandMediterranean RimTBPtickwild animal |
| spellingShingle | Baptiste Defaye Sara Moutailler Vanina Pasqualini Yann Quilichini A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021 Microorganisms island Mediterranean Rim TBP tick wild animal |
| title | A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021 |
| title_full | A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021 |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021 |
| title_short | A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021 |
| title_sort | systematic review of the distribution of tick borne pathogens in wild animals and their ticks in the mediterranean rim between 2000 and 2021 |
| topic | island Mediterranean Rim TBP tick wild animal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/9/1858 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT baptistedefaye asystematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 AT saramoutailler asystematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 AT vaninapasqualini asystematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 AT yannquilichini asystematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 AT baptistedefaye systematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 AT saramoutailler systematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 AT vaninapasqualini systematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 AT yannquilichini systematicreviewofthedistributionoftickbornepathogensinwildanimalsandtheirticksinthemediterraneanrimbetween2000and2021 |