Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the USA. Several studies have demonstrated the antitumor properties of saffron in different types of cancers, including prostate cancer. The oral administration of saffron extract has been reported t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/114 |
| _version_ | 1797358310363496448 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Khan Kaitlyn Hearn Christian Parry Mudasir Rasid Hassan Brim Hassan Ashktorab Bernard Kwabi-Addo |
| author_facet | Mohammad Khan Kaitlyn Hearn Christian Parry Mudasir Rasid Hassan Brim Hassan Ashktorab Bernard Kwabi-Addo |
| author_sort | Mohammad Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the USA. Several studies have demonstrated the antitumor properties of saffron in different types of cancers, including prostate cancer. The oral administration of saffron extract has been reported to have antitumor effects on aggressive prostate-cancer-cell-line-derived xenografts in nude male mice. The objective of this study was to carry out in vitro studies of saffron-treated prostate cancer cells to ascertain the effects of saffron on key intermediates in prostate carcinogenesis. Our studies demonstrated the significant inhibition of cell proliferation for androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines via apoptotic pathways. We also demonstrate the statistically significant down-regulation of DNA methyltransferases (COMT, MGMT, EHMT2, and SIRT1 deacetylase) in saffron-treated prostate cancer cells. In addition, saffron-treated prostate cancer cells displayed a statistically significant dysregulation of DNA repair intermediates (WRN, p53, RECQ5, MST1R, and WDR70) in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that saffron treatment induced changes in the expression of other key genes (DNMT1, DNMT3b, MBD2, CD44, HDAC3, c-Myc, NF-kB, TNFα, AR, N-RAS, and PTEN) in prostate cancer cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the important mechanisms by which saffron mediates anti-tumor properties in prostate cancer. These findings suggest that the use of saffron supplements alongside standard treatment protocols may yield beneficial effects for individuals with prostate cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:00:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21b88173a47842a19f55f72a807cde5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:00:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-21b88173a47842a19f55f72a807cde5b2024-01-10T15:05:35ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-12-0116111410.3390/nu16010114Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer CellsMohammad Khan0Kaitlyn Hearn1Christian Parry2Mudasir Rasid3Hassan Brim4Hassan Ashktorab5Bernard Kwabi-Addo6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Life Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USADepartment of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USACancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USACancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USAProstate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the USA. Several studies have demonstrated the antitumor properties of saffron in different types of cancers, including prostate cancer. The oral administration of saffron extract has been reported to have antitumor effects on aggressive prostate-cancer-cell-line-derived xenografts in nude male mice. The objective of this study was to carry out in vitro studies of saffron-treated prostate cancer cells to ascertain the effects of saffron on key intermediates in prostate carcinogenesis. Our studies demonstrated the significant inhibition of cell proliferation for androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines via apoptotic pathways. We also demonstrate the statistically significant down-regulation of DNA methyltransferases (COMT, MGMT, EHMT2, and SIRT1 deacetylase) in saffron-treated prostate cancer cells. In addition, saffron-treated prostate cancer cells displayed a statistically significant dysregulation of DNA repair intermediates (WRN, p53, RECQ5, MST1R, and WDR70) in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that saffron treatment induced changes in the expression of other key genes (DNMT1, DNMT3b, MBD2, CD44, HDAC3, c-Myc, NF-kB, TNFα, AR, N-RAS, and PTEN) in prostate cancer cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the important mechanisms by which saffron mediates anti-tumor properties in prostate cancer. These findings suggest that the use of saffron supplements alongside standard treatment protocols may yield beneficial effects for individuals with prostate cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/114saffronprostate cancer cell linesDNA repair genesepigeneticsanti-tumor |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Khan Kaitlyn Hearn Christian Parry Mudasir Rasid Hassan Brim Hassan Ashktorab Bernard Kwabi-Addo Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Nutrients saffron prostate cancer cell lines DNA repair genes epigenetics anti-tumor |
| title | Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_full | Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_short | Mechanism of Antitumor Effects of Saffron in Human Prostate Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | mechanism of antitumor effects of saffron in human prostate cancer cells |
| topic | saffron prostate cancer cell lines DNA repair genes epigenetics anti-tumor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/114 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadkhan mechanismofantitumoreffectsofsaffroninhumanprostatecancercells AT kaitlynhearn mechanismofantitumoreffectsofsaffroninhumanprostatecancercells AT christianparry mechanismofantitumoreffectsofsaffroninhumanprostatecancercells AT mudasirrasid mechanismofantitumoreffectsofsaffroninhumanprostatecancercells AT hassanbrim mechanismofantitumoreffectsofsaffroninhumanprostatecancercells AT hassanashktorab mechanismofantitumoreffectsofsaffroninhumanprostatecancercells AT bernardkwabiaddo mechanismofantitumoreffectsofsaffroninhumanprostatecancercells |