Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation
Microchimerism is the presence of cells in an individual that have originated from a genetically distinct individual. The most common form of microchimerism is fetomaternal microchimerism, i.e., cells from a fetus pass through the placenta and establish cell lineages within the mother. Microchimeris...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/190 |
| _version_ | 1797436384713113600 |
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| author | Joachim Denner |
| author_facet | Joachim Denner |
| author_sort | Joachim Denner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microchimerism is the presence of cells in an individual that have originated from a genetically distinct individual. The most common form of microchimerism is fetomaternal microchimerism, i.e., cells from a fetus pass through the placenta and establish cell lineages within the mother. Microchimerism was also described after the transplantation of human organs in human recipients. Consequently, microchimerism may also be expected in xenotransplantation using pig cells or organs. Indeed, microchimerism was described in patients after xenotransplantations as well as in non-human primates after the transplantation of pig organs. Here, for the first time, a comprehensive review of microchimerism in xenotransplantation is given. Since pig cells contain porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in their genome, the detection of proviral DNA in transplant recipients may be misinterpreted as an infection of the recipient with PERV. To prevent this, methods discriminating between infection and microchimerism are described. This knowledge will be important for the interpretation of screening results in forthcoming human xenotransplantations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:01:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21c5170473384d7ebd8c5bd4159f6d91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:01:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-21c5170473384d7ebd8c5bd4159f6d912023-12-01T01:12:27ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-01-0115119010.3390/v15010190Microchimerism, PERV and XenotransplantationJoachim Denner0Institute of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyMicrochimerism is the presence of cells in an individual that have originated from a genetically distinct individual. The most common form of microchimerism is fetomaternal microchimerism, i.e., cells from a fetus pass through the placenta and establish cell lineages within the mother. Microchimerism was also described after the transplantation of human organs in human recipients. Consequently, microchimerism may also be expected in xenotransplantation using pig cells or organs. Indeed, microchimerism was described in patients after xenotransplantations as well as in non-human primates after the transplantation of pig organs. Here, for the first time, a comprehensive review of microchimerism in xenotransplantation is given. Since pig cells contain porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in their genome, the detection of proviral DNA in transplant recipients may be misinterpreted as an infection of the recipient with PERV. To prevent this, methods discriminating between infection and microchimerism are described. This knowledge will be important for the interpretation of screening results in forthcoming human xenotransplantations.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/190xenotransplanationmicrochimerismporcine endogenous retrovirusesdetection methods |
| spellingShingle | Joachim Denner Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation Viruses xenotransplanation microchimerism porcine endogenous retroviruses detection methods |
| title | Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation |
| title_full | Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation |
| title_fullStr | Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation |
| title_short | Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation |
| title_sort | microchimerism perv and xenotransplantation |
| topic | xenotransplanation microchimerism porcine endogenous retroviruses detection methods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/190 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joachimdenner microchimerismpervandxenotransplantation |