Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae)
Flower bud differentiation is of great significance for understanding plant evolution and ecological adaptability. The development of flower buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> was described in this paper. The morphogenesis, surface structure, a...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3178 |
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| author | Wanpei Lu Zhongzhou Han Qinghua Liu Kuiling Wang Qingchao Liu Xuebin Song |
| author_facet | Wanpei Lu Zhongzhou Han Qinghua Liu Kuiling Wang Qingchao Liu Xuebin Song |
| author_sort | Wanpei Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flower bud differentiation is of great significance for understanding plant evolution and ecological adaptability. The development of flower buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> was described in this paper. The morphogenesis, surface structure, and organ morphology at different growth stages of <i>G. koreanum</i> buds were examined in detail using scanning electron microscope and stereo microscope. The development of mixed buds started from the flattened apical meristem. The stipule and leaf primordia arose first. Subsequently, the hemispherical meristem was divided into two hemispheres, forming a terminal bud and floral bud primordia, followed by lateral bud differentiation. The formation of the terminal and lateral buds of <i>G. koreanum</i> was sequential and their differentiation positions were also different. The floral bud primordia would develop into two flower units and four bracts. The primordia of a flower bud first formed the sepal primordia, then the stamen and petal primordia, and finally the pistil primordia. Compared to the stamen primordia, the growth of the petal primordia was slower. Finally, all organs, especially the petals and pistil, grew rapidly. When the pistil and petals exceeded the stamens and the petals changed color, the flower bud was ready to bloom. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21d292fa8aca493a8af146adc2ed44ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-21d292fa8aca493a8af146adc2ed44ee2023-11-19T12:31:12ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011218317810.3390/plants12183178Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae)Wanpei Lu0Zhongzhou Han1Qinghua Liu2Kuiling Wang3Qingchao Liu4Xuebin Song5College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaFlower bud differentiation is of great significance for understanding plant evolution and ecological adaptability. The development of flower buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> was described in this paper. The morphogenesis, surface structure, and organ morphology at different growth stages of <i>G. koreanum</i> buds were examined in detail using scanning electron microscope and stereo microscope. The development of mixed buds started from the flattened apical meristem. The stipule and leaf primordia arose first. Subsequently, the hemispherical meristem was divided into two hemispheres, forming a terminal bud and floral bud primordia, followed by lateral bud differentiation. The formation of the terminal and lateral buds of <i>G. koreanum</i> was sequential and their differentiation positions were also different. The floral bud primordia would develop into two flower units and four bracts. The primordia of a flower bud first formed the sepal primordia, then the stamen and petal primordia, and finally the pistil primordia. Compared to the stamen primordia, the growth of the petal primordia was slower. Finally, all organs, especially the petals and pistil, grew rapidly. When the pistil and petals exceeded the stamens and the petals changed color, the flower bud was ready to bloom.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3178<i>Geranium koreanum</i>development of flowermixed budinflorescencemorphology |
| spellingShingle | Wanpei Lu Zhongzhou Han Qinghua Liu Kuiling Wang Qingchao Liu Xuebin Song Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae) Plants <i>Geranium koreanum</i> development of flower mixed bud inflorescence morphology |
| title | Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae) |
| title_full | Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae) |
| title_fullStr | Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae) |
| title_short | Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of <i>Geranium koreanum</i> Kom. (Geraniaceae) |
| title_sort | development of flowers buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of i geranium koreanum i kom geraniaceae |
| topic | <i>Geranium koreanum</i> development of flower mixed bud inflorescence morphology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3178 |
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