The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus Fruit
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a major regulator of fruit response to water stress, and may influence cuticle properties and wax layer composition during fruit ripening. This study investigates the effects of ABA on epicuticular wax metabolism regulation in a citrus fruit cultivar with low...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10242 |
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| author | Paco Romero María Teresa Lafuente |
| author_facet | Paco Romero María Teresa Lafuente |
| author_sort | Paco Romero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a major regulator of fruit response to water stress, and may influence cuticle properties and wax layer composition during fruit ripening. This study investigates the effects of ABA on epicuticular wax metabolism regulation in a citrus fruit cultivar with low ABA levels, called Pinalate (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck), and how this relationship is influenced by water stress after detachment. Harvested ABA-treated fruit were exposed to water stress by storing them at low (30–35%) relative humidity. The total epicuticular wax load rose after fruit detachment, which ABA application decreased earlier and more markedly during fruit-dehydrating storage. ABA treatment changed the abundance of the separated wax fractions and the contents of most individual components, which reveals dependence on the exposure to postharvest water stress and different trends depending on storage duration. A correlation analysis supported these responses, which mostly fitted the expression patterns of the key genes involved in wax biosynthesis and transport. A cluster analysis indicated that storage duration is an important factor for the exogenous ABA influence and the postharvest environment on epicuticular wax composition, cuticle properties and fruit physiology. Dynamic ABA-mediated reconfiguration of wax metabolism is influenced by fruit exposure to water stress conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:00:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21d9f340b38e4eea8189fd9691d94e20 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:00:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-21d9f340b38e4eea8189fd9691d94e202023-11-22T16:06:34ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-0122191024210.3390/ijms221910242The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus FruitPaco Romero0María Teresa Lafuente1Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Dr. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Dr. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a major regulator of fruit response to water stress, and may influence cuticle properties and wax layer composition during fruit ripening. This study investigates the effects of ABA on epicuticular wax metabolism regulation in a citrus fruit cultivar with low ABA levels, called Pinalate (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck), and how this relationship is influenced by water stress after detachment. Harvested ABA-treated fruit were exposed to water stress by storing them at low (30–35%) relative humidity. The total epicuticular wax load rose after fruit detachment, which ABA application decreased earlier and more markedly during fruit-dehydrating storage. ABA treatment changed the abundance of the separated wax fractions and the contents of most individual components, which reveals dependence on the exposure to postharvest water stress and different trends depending on storage duration. A correlation analysis supported these responses, which mostly fitted the expression patterns of the key genes involved in wax biosynthesis and transport. A cluster analysis indicated that storage duration is an important factor for the exogenous ABA influence and the postharvest environment on epicuticular wax composition, cuticle properties and fruit physiology. Dynamic ABA-mediated reconfiguration of wax metabolism is influenced by fruit exposure to water stress conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10242ABA deficiencyfruit dehydrationgene expressionhormone applicationPinalatepostharvest |
| spellingShingle | Paco Romero María Teresa Lafuente The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus Fruit International Journal of Molecular Sciences ABA deficiency fruit dehydration gene expression hormone application Pinalate postharvest |
| title | The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus Fruit |
| title_full | The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus Fruit |
| title_fullStr | The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus Fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus Fruit |
| title_short | The Combination of Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Water Stress Regulates the Epicuticular Wax Metabolism and Cuticle Properties of Detached Citrus Fruit |
| title_sort | combination of abscisic acid aba and water stress regulates the epicuticular wax metabolism and cuticle properties of detached citrus fruit |
| topic | ABA deficiency fruit dehydration gene expression hormone application Pinalate postharvest |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10242 |
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