Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases
Among the family of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are the Ca2+-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s) and they are designated group VI iPLA2s. In relation to secretory and cytosolic PLA2s, the iPLA2s are more recently described and details of their expression and roles in biological functions are rapidly emerging....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2015-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Lipid Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002222752035495X |
| _version_ | 1818727875079045120 |
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| author | Sasanka Ramanadham Tomader Ali Jason W. Ashley Robert N. Bone William D. Hancock Xiaoyong Lei |
| author_facet | Sasanka Ramanadham Tomader Ali Jason W. Ashley Robert N. Bone William D. Hancock Xiaoyong Lei |
| author_sort | Sasanka Ramanadham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among the family of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are the Ca2+-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s) and they are designated group VI iPLA2s. In relation to secretory and cytosolic PLA2s, the iPLA2s are more recently described and details of their expression and roles in biological functions are rapidly emerging. The iPLA2s or patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) are intracellular enzymes that do not require Ca2+ for activity, and contain lipase (GXSXG) and nucleotide-binding (GXGXXG) consensus sequences. Though nine PNPLAs have been recognized, PNPLA8 (membrane-associated iPLA2γ) and PNPLA9 (cytosol-associated iPLA2β) are the most widely studied and understood. The iPLA2s manifest a variety of activities in addition to phospholipase, are ubiquitously expressed, and participate in a multitude of biological processes, including fat catabolism, cell differentiation, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, phospholipid remodeling, cell proliferation, signal transduction, and cell death. As might be expected, increased or decreased expression of iPLA2s can have profound effects on the metabolic state, CNS function, cardiovascular performance, and cell survival; therefore, dysregulation of iPLA2s can be a critical factor in the development of many diseases. This review is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of the iPLA2s and discussion of the potential mechanisms of action of the iPLA2s and related involved lipid mediators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:21:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21e6391acba34f2581abdc148f3fed1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-2275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:21:02Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Lipid Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-21e6391acba34f2581abdc148f3fed1f2022-12-21T21:30:28ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752015-09-0156916431668Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseasesSasanka Ramanadham0Tomader Ali1Jason W. Ashley2Robert N. Bone3William D. Hancock4Xiaoyong Lei5To whom correspondence should be addressed; Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; To whom correspondence should be addressedUndergraduate Research Office, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Among the family of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are the Ca2+-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s) and they are designated group VI iPLA2s. In relation to secretory and cytosolic PLA2s, the iPLA2s are more recently described and details of their expression and roles in biological functions are rapidly emerging. The iPLA2s or patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) are intracellular enzymes that do not require Ca2+ for activity, and contain lipase (GXSXG) and nucleotide-binding (GXGXXG) consensus sequences. Though nine PNPLAs have been recognized, PNPLA8 (membrane-associated iPLA2γ) and PNPLA9 (cytosol-associated iPLA2β) are the most widely studied and understood. The iPLA2s manifest a variety of activities in addition to phospholipase, are ubiquitously expressed, and participate in a multitude of biological processes, including fat catabolism, cell differentiation, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, phospholipid remodeling, cell proliferation, signal transduction, and cell death. As might be expected, increased or decreased expression of iPLA2s can have profound effects on the metabolic state, CNS function, cardiovascular performance, and cell survival; therefore, dysregulation of iPLA2s can be a critical factor in the development of many diseases. This review is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of the iPLA2s and discussion of the potential mechanisms of action of the iPLA2s and related involved lipid mediators.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002222752035495Xsignalingmembrane homeostasisarachidonic acideicosanoidsdocosahexaenoic acidinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Sasanka Ramanadham Tomader Ali Jason W. Ashley Robert N. Bone William D. Hancock Xiaoyong Lei Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases Journal of Lipid Research signaling membrane homeostasis arachidonic acid eicosanoids docosahexaenoic acid inflammation |
| title | Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases |
| title_full | Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases |
| title_fullStr | Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases |
| title_short | Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases |
| title_sort | calcium independent phospholipases a2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases |
| topic | signaling membrane homeostasis arachidonic acid eicosanoids docosahexaenoic acid inflammation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002222752035495X |
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