A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review
Abstract Background Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a peculiar parasitic infectious disease of the central nervous system, about 39% of the infected Balamuthia GAE patients were found to be immunocompromised and is extremely rare clinically. The presence of trophozoites in dis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08228-6 |
| _version_ | 1797841127980662784 |
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| author | Jun Liu Wenjun Zhang Shanlian Wu Tianxiang Zeng Fei Luo Qiuhua Jiang Ruijin Yang |
| author_facet | Jun Liu Wenjun Zhang Shanlian Wu Tianxiang Zeng Fei Luo Qiuhua Jiang Ruijin Yang |
| author_sort | Jun Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a peculiar parasitic infectious disease of the central nervous system, about 39% of the infected Balamuthia GAE patients were found to be immunocompromised and is extremely rare clinically. The presence of trophozoites in diseased tissue is an important basis for pathological diagnosis of GAE. Balamuthia GAE is a rare and highly fatal infection for which there is no effective treatment plan in clinical practice. Case presentation This paper reports clinical data from a patient with Balamuthia GAE to improve physician understanding of the disease and diagnostic accuracy of imaging and reduce misdiagnosis. A 61-year-old male poultry farmer presented with moderate swelling pain in the right frontoparietal region without obvious inducement three weeks ago. Head computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right frontal lobe. Intially clinical imaging diagnosed it as a high-grade astrocytoma. The pathological diagnosis of the lesion was inflammatory granulomatous lesions with extensive necrosis, suggesting amoeba infection. The pathogen detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is Balamuthia mandrillaris, the final pathological diagnosis was Balamuthia GAE. Conclusion When a head MRI shows irregular or annular enhancement, clinicians should not blindly diagnose common diseases such as brain tumors. Although Balamuthia GAE accounts for only a small proportion of intracranial infections, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:25:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21e6c03e0096405183d520b844397e24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:25:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-21e6c03e0096405183d520b844397e242023-04-23T11:10:27ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342023-04-012311610.1186/s12879-023-08228-6A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature reviewJun Liu0Wenjun Zhang1Shanlian Wu2Tianxiang Zeng3Fei Luo4Qiuhua Jiang5Ruijin Yang6Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Pathology, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s HospitalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People’s HospitalAbstract Background Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a peculiar parasitic infectious disease of the central nervous system, about 39% of the infected Balamuthia GAE patients were found to be immunocompromised and is extremely rare clinically. The presence of trophozoites in diseased tissue is an important basis for pathological diagnosis of GAE. Balamuthia GAE is a rare and highly fatal infection for which there is no effective treatment plan in clinical practice. Case presentation This paper reports clinical data from a patient with Balamuthia GAE to improve physician understanding of the disease and diagnostic accuracy of imaging and reduce misdiagnosis. A 61-year-old male poultry farmer presented with moderate swelling pain in the right frontoparietal region without obvious inducement three weeks ago. Head computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right frontal lobe. Intially clinical imaging diagnosed it as a high-grade astrocytoma. The pathological diagnosis of the lesion was inflammatory granulomatous lesions with extensive necrosis, suggesting amoeba infection. The pathogen detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is Balamuthia mandrillaris, the final pathological diagnosis was Balamuthia GAE. Conclusion When a head MRI shows irregular or annular enhancement, clinicians should not blindly diagnose common diseases such as brain tumors. Although Balamuthia GAE accounts for only a small proportion of intracranial infections, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08228-6Balamuthia mandrillarisGranulomatous amoebic encephalitisNon-immunocompromisedSurgical treatmentEffective antibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Jun Liu Wenjun Zhang Shanlian Wu Tianxiang Zeng Fei Luo Qiuhua Jiang Ruijin Yang A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review BMC Infectious Diseases Balamuthia mandrillaris Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis Non-immunocompromised Surgical treatment Effective antibiotics |
| title | A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review |
| title_full | A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review |
| title_fullStr | A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review |
| title_short | A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review |
| title_sort | clinical case report of balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non immunocompromised patient and literature review |
| topic | Balamuthia mandrillaris Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis Non-immunocompromised Surgical treatment Effective antibiotics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08228-6 |
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