The origins of the 4 × 4 framework for noncommunicable disease at the World Health Organization

This paper traces the history of noncommunicable disease public health research and programming at the World Health Organization. Specifically, it investigates the origins of the now pervasive 4 × 4 framework focusing on four sets of diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory d...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Leah N. Schwartz, Jonathan D. Shaffer, Gene Bukhman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-03-01
Series:SSM: Population Health
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827321000069