Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are potent stimulators of inflammation and immunity and markers of infection severity and bacteriological burden in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Interferons could have both host-protective and detrimental effects on tuberculosis disease. However, their role has not been s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/3/150 |
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| author | Gokul Raj Kathamuthu Kadar Moideen Rathinam Sridhar Dhanaraj Baskaran Subash Babu |
| author_facet | Gokul Raj Kathamuthu Kadar Moideen Rathinam Sridhar Dhanaraj Baskaran Subash Babu |
| author_sort | Gokul Raj Kathamuthu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pro-inflammatory cytokines are potent stimulators of inflammation and immunity and markers of infection severity and bacteriological burden in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Interferons could have both host-protective and detrimental effects on tuberculosis disease. However, their role has not been studied in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL). Thus, we evaluated the systemic pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, interferon (IFN)α, and IFNβ) cytokine levels in TBL, latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and healthy control (HC) individuals. In addition, we also measured the baseline (BL) and post-treatment (PT) systemic levels in TBL individuals. We demonstrate that TBL individuals are characterized by increased pro-inflammatory (IL-12, IL-23, IFNα, IFNβ) cytokines when compared to LTBI and HC individuals. We also show that after anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) completion, the systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly modulated in TBL individuals. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed IL-23, IFNα, and IFNβ significantly discriminated TBL disease from LTBI and/or HC individuals. Hence, our study demonstrates the altered systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their reversal after ATT, suggesting that they are markers of disease pathogenesis/severity and altered immune regulation in TBL disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:47:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21fd4e5ec9f1488ca725670d92b47c94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:47:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-21fd4e5ec9f1488ca725670d92b47c942023-11-17T14:15:08ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662023-02-018315010.3390/tropicalmed8030150Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous LymphadenitisGokul Raj Kathamuthu0Kadar Moideen1Rathinam Sridhar2Dhanaraj Baskaran3Subash Babu4National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600 031, IndiaNational Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600 031, IndiaGovernment Stanley Medical Hospital, Chennai 600 001, IndiaNational Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai 600 031, IndiaNational Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600 031, IndiaPro-inflammatory cytokines are potent stimulators of inflammation and immunity and markers of infection severity and bacteriological burden in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Interferons could have both host-protective and detrimental effects on tuberculosis disease. However, their role has not been studied in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL). Thus, we evaluated the systemic pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, interferon (IFN)α, and IFNβ) cytokine levels in TBL, latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and healthy control (HC) individuals. In addition, we also measured the baseline (BL) and post-treatment (PT) systemic levels in TBL individuals. We demonstrate that TBL individuals are characterized by increased pro-inflammatory (IL-12, IL-23, IFNα, IFNβ) cytokines when compared to LTBI and HC individuals. We also show that after anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) completion, the systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly modulated in TBL individuals. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed IL-23, IFNα, and IFNβ significantly discriminated TBL disease from LTBI and/or HC individuals. Hence, our study demonstrates the altered systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their reversal after ATT, suggesting that they are markers of disease pathogenesis/severity and altered immune regulation in TBL disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/3/150TBLLTBIhealthy controlspro-inflammatory cytokinesELISA |
| spellingShingle | Gokul Raj Kathamuthu Kadar Moideen Rathinam Sridhar Dhanaraj Baskaran Subash Babu Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease TBL LTBI healthy controls pro-inflammatory cytokines ELISA |
| title | Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis |
| title_full | Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis |
| title_fullStr | Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis |
| title_short | Systemic Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Post-Treatment Modulation in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis |
| title_sort | systemic levels of pro inflammatory cytokines and post treatment modulation in tuberculous lymphadenitis |
| topic | TBL LTBI healthy controls pro-inflammatory cytokines ELISA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/3/150 |
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