Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate
While a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been experimentally observed, its elementary excitations remain unclear in the stripe phase. Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the exc...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2022-01-01
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| Series: | New Journal of Physics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7fb1 |
| _version_ | 1827871037657710592 |
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| author | Yuanyuan Chen Hao Lyu Yong Xu Yongping Zhang |
| author_facet | Yuanyuan Chen Hao Lyu Yong Xu Yongping Zhang |
| author_sort | Yuanyuan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been experimentally observed, its elementary excitations remain unclear in the stripe phase. Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the excitation spectrum as well as the corresponding static response function and structure factor depend strongly on spin–orbit coupling parameters such as the quadratic Zeeman field and the Rabi frequency. In the stripe phase, besides two gapless Goldstone modes, we show the existence of roton excitations. Finally, we demonstrate that quantum phase transitions between these different phases including the zero-momentum, plane wave and stripe phases are characterized by the sound velocities and the quantum depletion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:05:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-21fd697402204a37bdc17a93f3642aa3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1367-2630 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:05:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | New Journal of Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-21fd697402204a37bdc17a93f3642aa32023-08-09T14:23:31ZengIOP PublishingNew Journal of Physics1367-26302022-01-0124707304110.1088/1367-2630/ac7fb1Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensateYuanyuan Chen0Hao Lyu1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-0596Yong Xu2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4946-6664Yongping Zhang3Department of Physics, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of ChinaQuantum Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, JapanCenter for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of ChinaWhile a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been experimentally observed, its elementary excitations remain unclear in the stripe phase. Here, we systematically study the elementary excitations in three distinct phases of a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 BEC. We find that the excitation spectrum as well as the corresponding static response function and structure factor depend strongly on spin–orbit coupling parameters such as the quadratic Zeeman field and the Rabi frequency. In the stripe phase, besides two gapless Goldstone modes, we show the existence of roton excitations. Finally, we demonstrate that quantum phase transitions between these different phases including the zero-momentum, plane wave and stripe phases are characterized by the sound velocities and the quantum depletion.https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7fb1elementary excitationsspin–orbit-couplingBose–Einstein condensate |
| spellingShingle | Yuanyuan Chen Hao Lyu Yong Xu Yongping Zhang Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate New Journal of Physics elementary excitations spin–orbit-coupling Bose–Einstein condensate |
| title | Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate |
| title_full | Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate |
| title_fullStr | Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate |
| title_short | Elementary excitations in a spin–orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate |
| title_sort | elementary excitations in a spin orbit coupled spin 1 bose einstein condensate |
| topic | elementary excitations spin–orbit-coupling Bose–Einstein condensate |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7fb1 |
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