SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak
The main aim of this study was to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes, as well as the inflammatory profile, of patients with advanced HIV in an assisted-living facility in which an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and specific T-cell response were analyzed in patients...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1575 |
| _version_ | 1797414917422186496 |
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| author | Alessandra Vergori Antonio Boschini Stefania Notari Patrizia Lorenzini Concetta Castilletti Francesca Colavita Giulia Matusali Eleonora Tartaglia Roberta Gagliardini Andrea Boschi Eleonora Cimini Markus Maeurer Pierluca Piselli Leila Angeli Andrea Antinori Chiara Agrati Enrico Girardi |
| author_facet | Alessandra Vergori Antonio Boschini Stefania Notari Patrizia Lorenzini Concetta Castilletti Francesca Colavita Giulia Matusali Eleonora Tartaglia Roberta Gagliardini Andrea Boschi Eleonora Cimini Markus Maeurer Pierluca Piselli Leila Angeli Andrea Antinori Chiara Agrati Enrico Girardi |
| author_sort | Alessandra Vergori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main aim of this study was to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes, as well as the inflammatory profile, of patients with advanced HIV in an assisted-living facility in which an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and specific T-cell response were analyzed in patients with HIV infection and COVID-19; as a secondary objective of the analysis, levels of the inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα) were tested in the HIV/COVID-19 group, in HIV-positive patients without COVID-19, and in HIV-negative patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Antibody kinetics and ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated by ELISA assay, as well as the inflammatory cytokines; SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was quantified by ELISpot assay. Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons. Thirty patients were included with the following demographics: age, 57 years old (IQR, 53–62); 76% male; median HIV duration of infection, 18 years (15–29); nadir of CD4, 57/mmc (23–100) current CD4 count, 348/mmc (186–565). Furthermore, 83% had at least one comorbidity. The severity of COVID-19 was mild/moderate, and the overall mortality rate was 10% (3/30). Additionally, 90% of patients showed positive antibody titers and neutralizing activity, with a 100% positive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response over time, suggesting the ability to induce an effective specific immunity. Significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in COVID-19 without HIV vs. HIV/COVID-19 patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed. HIV infection did not seem to negatively impact COVID-19-related inflammatory state and immunity. Further data are mandatory to evaluate the persistence of these immunity and its ability to expand after exposure and/or vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:40:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22039a670d4e40a381bdb265b5c5744c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:40:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-22039a670d4e40a381bdb265b5c5744c2023-12-03T12:24:44ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-07-01147157510.3390/v14071575SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 OutbreakAlessandra Vergori0Antonio Boschini1Stefania Notari2Patrizia Lorenzini3Concetta Castilletti4Francesca Colavita5Giulia Matusali6Eleonora Tartaglia7Roberta Gagliardini8Andrea Boschi9Eleonora Cimini10Markus Maeurer11Pierluca Piselli12Leila Angeli13Andrea Antinori14Chiara Agrati15Enrico Girardi16HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyMedical Center, San Patrignano Community, 47853 Rimini, ItalyCellular Immunology and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyHIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyCellular Immunology and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyHIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Hospital of Rimini “Gli Infermi”, 47923 Rimini, ItalyCellular Immunology and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyImmunotherapy Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, PortugalClinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyMedical Center, San Patrignano Community, 47853 Rimini, ItalyHIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyCellular Immunology and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyScientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, ItalyThe main aim of this study was to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes, as well as the inflammatory profile, of patients with advanced HIV in an assisted-living facility in which an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and specific T-cell response were analyzed in patients with HIV infection and COVID-19; as a secondary objective of the analysis, levels of the inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα) were tested in the HIV/COVID-19 group, in HIV-positive patients without COVID-19, and in HIV-negative patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Antibody kinetics and ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated by ELISA assay, as well as the inflammatory cytokines; SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was quantified by ELISpot assay. Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons. Thirty patients were included with the following demographics: age, 57 years old (IQR, 53–62); 76% male; median HIV duration of infection, 18 years (15–29); nadir of CD4, 57/mmc (23–100) current CD4 count, 348/mmc (186–565). Furthermore, 83% had at least one comorbidity. The severity of COVID-19 was mild/moderate, and the overall mortality rate was 10% (3/30). Additionally, 90% of patients showed positive antibody titers and neutralizing activity, with a 100% positive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response over time, suggesting the ability to induce an effective specific immunity. Significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in COVID-19 without HIV vs. HIV/COVID-19 patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed. HIV infection did not seem to negatively impact COVID-19-related inflammatory state and immunity. Further data are mandatory to evaluate the persistence of these immunity and its ability to expand after exposure and/or vaccination.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1575advanced HIV infectionCOVID-19immunityinflammationoutbreakSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Alessandra Vergori Antonio Boschini Stefania Notari Patrizia Lorenzini Concetta Castilletti Francesca Colavita Giulia Matusali Eleonora Tartaglia Roberta Gagliardini Andrea Boschi Eleonora Cimini Markus Maeurer Pierluca Piselli Leila Angeli Andrea Antinori Chiara Agrati Enrico Girardi SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak Viruses advanced HIV infection COVID-19 immunity inflammation outbreak SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak |
| title_full | SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak |
| title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak |
| title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak |
| title_short | SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak |
| title_sort | sars cov 2 specific immune response and inflammatory profile in advanced hiv infected persons during a covid 19 outbreak |
| topic | advanced HIV infection COVID-19 immunity inflammation outbreak SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1575 |
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