The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Gut Microbes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1997559 |
| _version_ | 1818324058884800512 |
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| author | Amrita Vijay Afroditi Kouraki Sameer Gohir James Turnbull Anthony Kelly Vicky Chapman David A Barrett William J Bulsiewicz Ana M Valdes |
| author_facet | Amrita Vijay Afroditi Kouraki Sameer Gohir James Turnbull Anthony Kelly Vicky Chapman David A Barrett William J Bulsiewicz Ana M Valdes |
| author_sort | Amrita Vijay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome in modulating inflammatory markers. Using data from a 6 week exercise intervention (treatment n = 38 control n = 40) and a cross sectional validation cohort (n = 35), we measured the associations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) with gut microbiome composition, gut derived metabolites (SCFAs) and inflammatory markers both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. At baseline AEA and OEA were positively associated with alpha diversity (β(SE) = .32 (.06), P = .002; .44 (.04), P < .001) and with SCFA producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (2-AG β(SE) = .21 (.10), P < .01; PEA β(SE) = .23 (.08), P < .01), Coprococcus 3 and Faecalibacterium (PEA β(SE) = .29 (.11), P = .01; .25 (.09), P < .01) and negatively associated with Collinsella (AEA β(SE) = −.31 (.12), P = .004). Additionally, we found AEA to be positively associated with SCFA Butyrate (β(SE) = .34 (.15), P = .01). AEA, OEA and PEA all increased significantly with the exercise intervention but remained constant in the control group. Changes in AEA correlated with SCFA butyrate and increases in AEA and PEA correlated with decreases in TNF-ɑ and IL-6 statistically mediating one third of the effect of SCFAs on these cytokines. Our data show that the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs are partly mediated by the EC system suggesting that there may be other pathways involved in the modulation of the immune system via the gut microbiome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:22:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-220a4e0d15264747b30111bc85f5e15c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1949-0976 1949-0984 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:22:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gut Microbes |
| spelling | doaj.art-220a4e0d15264747b30111bc85f5e15c2022-12-21T23:48:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842021-01-0113110.1080/19490976.2021.19975591997559The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoidsAmrita Vijay0Afroditi Kouraki1Sameer Gohir2James Turnbull3Anthony Kelly4Vicky Chapman5David A Barrett6William J Bulsiewicz7Ana M Valdes8University of NottinghamUniversity of NottinghamUniversity of NottinghamUniversity of NottinghamUniversity of NottinghamUniversity of NottinghamUniversity of NottinghamLowcountry Gastroenterology AssociatesUniversity of NottinghamThe endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome in modulating inflammatory markers. Using data from a 6 week exercise intervention (treatment n = 38 control n = 40) and a cross sectional validation cohort (n = 35), we measured the associations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) with gut microbiome composition, gut derived metabolites (SCFAs) and inflammatory markers both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. At baseline AEA and OEA were positively associated with alpha diversity (β(SE) = .32 (.06), P = .002; .44 (.04), P < .001) and with SCFA producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (2-AG β(SE) = .21 (.10), P < .01; PEA β(SE) = .23 (.08), P < .01), Coprococcus 3 and Faecalibacterium (PEA β(SE) = .29 (.11), P = .01; .25 (.09), P < .01) and negatively associated with Collinsella (AEA β(SE) = −.31 (.12), P = .004). Additionally, we found AEA to be positively associated with SCFA Butyrate (β(SE) = .34 (.15), P = .01). AEA, OEA and PEA all increased significantly with the exercise intervention but remained constant in the control group. Changes in AEA correlated with SCFA butyrate and increases in AEA and PEA correlated with decreases in TNF-ɑ and IL-6 statistically mediating one third of the effect of SCFAs on these cytokines. Our data show that the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs are partly mediated by the EC system suggesting that there may be other pathways involved in the modulation of the immune system via the gut microbiome.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1997559endocannabinoidsexercisegut microbesscfainflammatory markersintervention |
| spellingShingle | Amrita Vijay Afroditi Kouraki Sameer Gohir James Turnbull Anthony Kelly Vicky Chapman David A Barrett William J Bulsiewicz Ana M Valdes The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids Gut Microbes endocannabinoids exercise gut microbes scfa inflammatory markers intervention |
| title | The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids |
| title_full | The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids |
| title_fullStr | The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids |
| title_full_unstemmed | The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids |
| title_short | The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids |
| topic | endocannabinoids exercise gut microbes scfa inflammatory markers intervention |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1997559 |
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