Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents
Quinones can in principle be viewed as a double-edged sword in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they are often cytoprotective but can also be cytotoxic due to covalent and redox modification of biomolecules. Nevertheless, low doses of moderately electrophilic quinones are generally...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/7/1464 |
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| author | Ángel Cores Noelia Carmona-Zafra José Clerigué Mercedes Villacampa J. Carlos Menéndez |
| author_facet | Ángel Cores Noelia Carmona-Zafra José Clerigué Mercedes Villacampa J. Carlos Menéndez |
| author_sort | Ángel Cores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quinones can in principle be viewed as a double-edged sword in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they are often cytoprotective but can also be cytotoxic due to covalent and redox modification of biomolecules. Nevertheless, low doses of moderately electrophilic quinones are generally cytoprotective, mainly due to their ability to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and thus induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes. Some natural quinones have relevant roles in important physiological processes. One of them is coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>, which takes part in the oxidative phosphorylation processes involved in cell energy production, as a proton and electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and shows neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Additional neuroprotective quinones that can be regarded as coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> analogues are idobenone, mitoquinone and plastoquinone. Other endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activities include tocopherol-derived quinones, most notably vatiquinone, and vitamin K. A final group of non-endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activity is discussed, comprising embelin, APX-3330, cannabinoid-derived quinones, asterriquinones and other indolylquinones, pyrroloquinolinequinone and its analogues, geldanamycin and its analogues, rifampicin quinone, memoquin and a number of hybrid structures combining quinones with amino acids, cholinesterase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:21:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-220ad51d588440348db91af0e1ab561f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:21:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-220ad51d588440348db91af0e1ab561f2023-11-18T18:06:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-07-01127146410.3390/antiox12071464Quinones as Neuroprotective AgentsÁngel Cores0Noelia Carmona-Zafra1José Clerigué2Mercedes Villacampa3J. Carlos Menéndez4Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, SpainUnidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, SpainUnidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, SpainUnidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, SpainUnidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, SpainQuinones can in principle be viewed as a double-edged sword in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they are often cytoprotective but can also be cytotoxic due to covalent and redox modification of biomolecules. Nevertheless, low doses of moderately electrophilic quinones are generally cytoprotective, mainly due to their ability to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and thus induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes. Some natural quinones have relevant roles in important physiological processes. One of them is coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>, which takes part in the oxidative phosphorylation processes involved in cell energy production, as a proton and electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and shows neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Additional neuroprotective quinones that can be regarded as coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> analogues are idobenone, mitoquinone and plastoquinone. Other endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activities include tocopherol-derived quinones, most notably vatiquinone, and vitamin K. A final group of non-endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activity is discussed, comprising embelin, APX-3330, cannabinoid-derived quinones, asterriquinones and other indolylquinones, pyrroloquinolinequinone and its analogues, geldanamycin and its analogues, rifampicin quinone, memoquin and a number of hybrid structures combining quinones with amino acids, cholinesterase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/7/1464oxidative stressKeap1/Nrf2 pathwaycovalent drugscoenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>idebenonevatiquinone |
| spellingShingle | Ángel Cores Noelia Carmona-Zafra José Clerigué Mercedes Villacampa J. Carlos Menéndez Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents Antioxidants oxidative stress Keap1/Nrf2 pathway covalent drugs coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> idebenone vatiquinone |
| title | Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents |
| title_full | Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents |
| title_fullStr | Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents |
| title_short | Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents |
| title_sort | quinones as neuroprotective agents |
| topic | oxidative stress Keap1/Nrf2 pathway covalent drugs coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> idebenone vatiquinone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/7/1464 |
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