Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission and meteorology changes in North China
The winter haze is a growing problem in North China, but the causes are not well understood. The chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) was applied in North China to examine how PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations change in response to changes in emissio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/11837/2016/acp-16-11837-2016.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819024020460273664 |
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| author | M. Gao M. Gao G. R. Carmichael G. R. Carmichael P. E. Saide P. E. Saide Z. Lu M. Yu M. Yu M. Yu D. G. Streets Z. Wang |
| author_facet | M. Gao M. Gao G. R. Carmichael G. R. Carmichael P. E. Saide P. E. Saide Z. Lu M. Yu M. Yu M. Yu D. G. Streets Z. Wang |
| author_sort | M. Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The winter haze is a growing problem in North China, but the causes are not well understood. The chemistry version of the Weather Research and
Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) was applied in North China to examine how
PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations change in response to changes in emissions (sulfur
dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), ammonia
(NH<sub>3</sub>), and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>)), as well as meteorology
(temperature, relative humidity (RH), and wind speeds) changes in winter.
From 1960 to 2010, the dramatic changes in emissions lead to +260 %
increases in sulfate, +320 % increases in nitrate, +300 %
increases in ammonium, +160 % increases in BC, and +50 % increases
in OC. The responses of PM<sub>2.5</sub> to individual emission species indicate
that the simultaneous increases in SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions
dominated the increases in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. PM<sub>2.5</sub> shows more
notable increases in response to changes in SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> as compared
to increases in response to changes in NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions. In addition, OC
also accounts for a large fraction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> changes. These results
provide some implications for haze pollution control. The responses of
PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations to temperature increases are dominated by changes
in wind fields and mixing heights. PM<sub>2.5</sub> shows relatively smaller
changes in response to temperature increases and RH decreases compared to
changes in response to changes in wind speed and aerosol feedbacks. From 1960
to 2010, aerosol feedbacks have been significantly enhanced due to higher
aerosol loadings. The discussions in this study indicate that dramatic
changes in emissions are the main cause of increasing haze events in North
China, and long-term trends in atmospheric circulations may be another
important cause since PM<sub>2.5</sub> is shown to be substantially affected by
wind speed and aerosol feedbacks. More studies are necessary to get a better
understanding of the aerosol–circulation interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T04:48:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-220b242c512f42948ee056e939e58025 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T04:48:09Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-220b242c512f42948ee056e939e580252022-12-21T19:15:30ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242016-09-0116118371185110.5194/acp-16-11837-2016Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission and meteorology changes in North ChinaM. Gao0M. Gao1G. R. Carmichael2G. R. Carmichael3P. E. Saide4P. E. Saide5Z. Lu6M. Yu7M. Yu8M. Yu9D. G. Streets10Z. Wang11Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USACenter for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USADepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USACenter for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USACenter for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USAnow at: Atmospheric Chemistry observations and Modeling (ACOM) lab, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USAEnergy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USADepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USACenter for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USAnow at: Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USAEnergy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USAState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThe winter haze is a growing problem in North China, but the causes are not well understood. The chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) was applied in North China to examine how PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations change in response to changes in emissions (sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>)), as well as meteorology (temperature, relative humidity (RH), and wind speeds) changes in winter. From 1960 to 2010, the dramatic changes in emissions lead to +260 % increases in sulfate, +320 % increases in nitrate, +300 % increases in ammonium, +160 % increases in BC, and +50 % increases in OC. The responses of PM<sub>2.5</sub> to individual emission species indicate that the simultaneous increases in SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions dominated the increases in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. PM<sub>2.5</sub> shows more notable increases in response to changes in SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> as compared to increases in response to changes in NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions. In addition, OC also accounts for a large fraction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> changes. These results provide some implications for haze pollution control. The responses of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations to temperature increases are dominated by changes in wind fields and mixing heights. PM<sub>2.5</sub> shows relatively smaller changes in response to temperature increases and RH decreases compared to changes in response to changes in wind speed and aerosol feedbacks. From 1960 to 2010, aerosol feedbacks have been significantly enhanced due to higher aerosol loadings. The discussions in this study indicate that dramatic changes in emissions are the main cause of increasing haze events in North China, and long-term trends in atmospheric circulations may be another important cause since PM<sub>2.5</sub> is shown to be substantially affected by wind speed and aerosol feedbacks. More studies are necessary to get a better understanding of the aerosol–circulation interactions.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/11837/2016/acp-16-11837-2016.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Gao M. Gao G. R. Carmichael G. R. Carmichael P. E. Saide P. E. Saide Z. Lu M. Yu M. Yu M. Yu D. G. Streets Z. Wang Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission and meteorology changes in North China Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission
and meteorology changes in North China |
| title_full | Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission
and meteorology changes in North China |
| title_fullStr | Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission
and meteorology changes in North China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission
and meteorology changes in North China |
| title_short | Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission
and meteorology changes in North China |
| title_sort | response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission and meteorology changes in north china |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/11837/2016/acp-16-11837-2016.pdf |
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