Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma
Proteasome inhibitors are the backbone of multiple myeloma therapy. However, disease progression or early relapse occur due to development of resistance to the therapy. One important cause of resistance to proteasome inhibition is the so-called bounce-back response, a recovery pathway driven by the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/5/1065 |
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| author | Dominika Fassmannová František Sedlák Jindřich Sedláček Ivan Špička Klára Grantz Šašková |
| author_facet | Dominika Fassmannová František Sedlák Jindřich Sedláček Ivan Špička Klára Grantz Šašková |
| author_sort | Dominika Fassmannová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proteasome inhibitors are the backbone of multiple myeloma therapy. However, disease progression or early relapse occur due to development of resistance to the therapy. One important cause of resistance to proteasome inhibition is the so-called bounce-back response, a recovery pathway driven by the TCF11/Nrf1 transcription factor, which activates proteasome gene re-synthesis upon impairment of the proteasome function. Thus, inhibiting this recovery pathway potentiates the cytotoxic effect of proteasome inhibitors and could benefit treatment outcomes. DDI2 protease, the 3D structure of which resembles the HIV protease, serves as the key player in TCF11/Nrf1 activation. Previous work found that some HIV protease inhibitors block DDI2 in cell-based experiments. Nelfinavir, an oral anti-HIV drug, inhibits the proteasome and/or pAKT pathway and has shown promise for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Here, we describe how nelfinavir inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-driven recovery pathway by a dual mode of action. Nelfinavir decreases the total protein level of TCF11/Nrf1 and inhibits TCF11/Nrf1 proteolytic processing, likely by interfering with the DDI2 protease, and therefore reduces the TCF11/Nrf1 protein level in the nucleus. We propose an overall mechanism that explains nelfinavir’s effectiveness in the treatment of multiple myeloma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:14:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22111ed239e94983b15f1fb1b07b07db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:14:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-22111ed239e94983b15f1fb1b07b07db2023-11-19T22:42:15ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-04-01125106510.3390/cancers12051065Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple MyelomaDominika Fassmannová0František Sedlák1Jindřich Sedláček2Ivan Špička3Klára Grantz Šašková4Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech RepublicFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 12108 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech RepublicProteasome inhibitors are the backbone of multiple myeloma therapy. However, disease progression or early relapse occur due to development of resistance to the therapy. One important cause of resistance to proteasome inhibition is the so-called bounce-back response, a recovery pathway driven by the TCF11/Nrf1 transcription factor, which activates proteasome gene re-synthesis upon impairment of the proteasome function. Thus, inhibiting this recovery pathway potentiates the cytotoxic effect of proteasome inhibitors and could benefit treatment outcomes. DDI2 protease, the 3D structure of which resembles the HIV protease, serves as the key player in TCF11/Nrf1 activation. Previous work found that some HIV protease inhibitors block DDI2 in cell-based experiments. Nelfinavir, an oral anti-HIV drug, inhibits the proteasome and/or pAKT pathway and has shown promise for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Here, we describe how nelfinavir inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-driven recovery pathway by a dual mode of action. Nelfinavir decreases the total protein level of TCF11/Nrf1 and inhibits TCF11/Nrf1 proteolytic processing, likely by interfering with the DDI2 protease, and therefore reduces the TCF11/Nrf1 protein level in the nucleus. We propose an overall mechanism that explains nelfinavir’s effectiveness in the treatment of multiple myeloma.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/5/1065proteasomeTCF11/Nrf1DDI2nelfinavirmultiple myelomaproteasome inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Dominika Fassmannová František Sedlák Jindřich Sedláček Ivan Špička Klára Grantz Šašková Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cancers proteasome TCF11/Nrf1 DDI2 nelfinavir multiple myeloma proteasome inhibitors |
| title | Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full | Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_fullStr | Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_short | Nelfinavir Inhibits the TCF11/Nrf1-Mediated Proteasome Recovery Pathway in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_sort | nelfinavir inhibits the tcf11 nrf1 mediated proteasome recovery pathway in multiple myeloma |
| topic | proteasome TCF11/Nrf1 DDI2 nelfinavir multiple myeloma proteasome inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/5/1065 |
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