Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine Industry
<i>Salmonella enterica</i> is a causative pathogen of Salmonellosis, a zoonosis causing global disease and financial losses every year. Pigs may be carriers of <i>Salmonella</i> and contribute to the spread to humans and food products. <i>Salmonella</i> may persis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/7/1189 |
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| author | Ane Mohr Osland Claire Oastler Katharina Konrat Live L. Nesse Emma Brook Anja M. Richter Rebecca J. Gosling Mardjan Arvand Lene K. Vestby |
| author_facet | Ane Mohr Osland Claire Oastler Katharina Konrat Live L. Nesse Emma Brook Anja M. Richter Rebecca J. Gosling Mardjan Arvand Lene K. Vestby |
| author_sort | Ane Mohr Osland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella enterica</i> is a causative pathogen of Salmonellosis, a zoonosis causing global disease and financial losses every year. Pigs may be carriers of <i>Salmonella</i> and contribute to the spread to humans and food products. <i>Salmonella</i> may persist as biofilms. Biofilms are bacterial aggregates embedded in a self-produced matrix and are known to withstand disinfectants. We studied the effect of glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid, two active substances frequently used in disinfectant formulations in the pig industry, on representative biofilm-residing wild-type <i>Salmonella</i> collected from pig housings in the United Kingdom (UK). We screened biofilm production of strains using the microtiter plate (MTP) assay and Congo Red Coomassie Blue (CRCB) agar method. Previously published stainless-steel coupon (SSCA), polyvinylchloride coupon (PCA), and glass bead (GBA) assays were used for disinfection studies. The mean reduction in the tested wild-type strains met the criterion of ≥4 log<sub>10</sub> CFU at a disinfectant concentration of 0.05% with SSCA and GBA, and 0.005% with PCA for peracetic acid, along with 0.5% for glutaraldehyde with all three assays on the mean. At these concentrations, both tested disinfectants are suitable for disinfection of pig housings against <i>Salmonella</i>. When evaluating the efficacy of disinfectants, biofilms should be included, as higher disinfectant concentrations are necessary compared to planktonic bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:21:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-221a825f1eee4701859634de026bd654 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:21:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-221a825f1eee4701859634de026bd6542023-11-18T18:03:31ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-07-01127118910.3390/antibiotics12071189Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine IndustryAne Mohr Osland0Claire Oastler1Katharina Konrat2Live L. Nesse3Emma Brook4Anja M. Richter5Rebecca J. Gosling6Mardjan Arvand7Lene K. Vestby8Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI),1433 Ås, NorwayDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UKHospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Department Infectious Diseases Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Food Safety and Animal Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), 1433 Ås, NorwayDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UKHospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Department Infectious Diseases Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UKHospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Department Infectious Diseases Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI),1433 Ås, Norway<i>Salmonella enterica</i> is a causative pathogen of Salmonellosis, a zoonosis causing global disease and financial losses every year. Pigs may be carriers of <i>Salmonella</i> and contribute to the spread to humans and food products. <i>Salmonella</i> may persist as biofilms. Biofilms are bacterial aggregates embedded in a self-produced matrix and are known to withstand disinfectants. We studied the effect of glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid, two active substances frequently used in disinfectant formulations in the pig industry, on representative biofilm-residing wild-type <i>Salmonella</i> collected from pig housings in the United Kingdom (UK). We screened biofilm production of strains using the microtiter plate (MTP) assay and Congo Red Coomassie Blue (CRCB) agar method. Previously published stainless-steel coupon (SSCA), polyvinylchloride coupon (PCA), and glass bead (GBA) assays were used for disinfection studies. The mean reduction in the tested wild-type strains met the criterion of ≥4 log<sub>10</sub> CFU at a disinfectant concentration of 0.05% with SSCA and GBA, and 0.005% with PCA for peracetic acid, along with 0.5% for glutaraldehyde with all three assays on the mean. At these concentrations, both tested disinfectants are suitable for disinfection of pig housings against <i>Salmonella</i>. When evaluating the efficacy of disinfectants, biofilms should be included, as higher disinfectant concentrations are necessary compared to planktonic bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/7/1189biofilm<i>Salmonella</i>disinfectionpig industryglutaraldehydeperacetic acid |
| spellingShingle | Ane Mohr Osland Claire Oastler Katharina Konrat Live L. Nesse Emma Brook Anja M. Richter Rebecca J. Gosling Mardjan Arvand Lene K. Vestby Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine Industry Antibiotics biofilm <i>Salmonella</i> disinfection pig industry glutaraldehyde peracetic acid |
| title | Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine Industry |
| title_full | Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine Industry |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine Industry |
| title_short | Evaluation of Disinfectant Efficacy against Biofilm-Residing Wild-Type <i>Salmonella</i> from the Porcine Industry |
| title_sort | evaluation of disinfectant efficacy against biofilm residing wild type i salmonella i from the porcine industry |
| topic | biofilm <i>Salmonella</i> disinfection pig industry glutaraldehyde peracetic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/7/1189 |
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