Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females
The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by striking sex differences in symptoms such as fatigue and impaired thermal regulation, which are associated with aggravated systemic pro-inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study was to replicate these symptoms in experimental autoimmu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354622000679 |
| _version_ | 1818157458273599488 |
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| author | Jamshid Faraji Dennis Bettenson Stella Babatunde Tabitha Gangur-Powell Voon Wee Yong Gerlinde A.S. Metz |
| author_facet | Jamshid Faraji Dennis Bettenson Stella Babatunde Tabitha Gangur-Powell Voon Wee Yong Gerlinde A.S. Metz |
| author_sort | Jamshid Faraji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by striking sex differences in symptoms such as fatigue and impaired thermal regulation, which are associated with aggravated systemic pro-inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study was to replicate these symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice in the quest to advance the preclinical study of non-motor symptoms of MS. Male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to a mild form of EAE were evaluated for the progression of clinical, behavioural, thermal, and inflammatory processes. We show higher susceptibility in females to EAE than males based on greater clinical score and cumulative disease index (CDI), fatigue-like and anxiety-like behaviours. Accordingly, infrared (IR) thermography indicated higher cutaneous temperatures in females from post-induction days 12–23. Females also responded to EAE with greater splenic and adrenal gland weights than males as well as sex-specific changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These findings provide the first evidence of a sex-specific thermal response to immune-mediated demyelination, thus proposing a non-invasive assessment approach of the psychophysiological dynamics in EAE mice. The results are discussed in relation to the thermoregulatory correlates of fatigue and how endogenously elevated body temperature without direct heat exposure may be linked to psychomotor inhibition in patients with MS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T15:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2224da819b5b43b69869581bb85033dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-3546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T15:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-2224da819b5b43b69869581bb85033dd2022-12-22T01:00:37ZengElsevierBrain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health2666-35462022-08-0123100477Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in femalesJamshid Faraji0Dennis Bettenson1Stella Babatunde2Tabitha Gangur-Powell3Voon Wee Yong4Gerlinde A.S. Metz5Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, CanadaCanadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, CanadaCanadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, CanadaCanadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, CanadaDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, CanadaCanadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada; Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada; Corresponding author. Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, CanadaThe course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by striking sex differences in symptoms such as fatigue and impaired thermal regulation, which are associated with aggravated systemic pro-inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study was to replicate these symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice in the quest to advance the preclinical study of non-motor symptoms of MS. Male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to a mild form of EAE were evaluated for the progression of clinical, behavioural, thermal, and inflammatory processes. We show higher susceptibility in females to EAE than males based on greater clinical score and cumulative disease index (CDI), fatigue-like and anxiety-like behaviours. Accordingly, infrared (IR) thermography indicated higher cutaneous temperatures in females from post-induction days 12–23. Females also responded to EAE with greater splenic and adrenal gland weights than males as well as sex-specific changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These findings provide the first evidence of a sex-specific thermal response to immune-mediated demyelination, thus proposing a non-invasive assessment approach of the psychophysiological dynamics in EAE mice. The results are discussed in relation to the thermoregulatory correlates of fatigue and how endogenously elevated body temperature without direct heat exposure may be linked to psychomotor inhibition in patients with MS.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354622000679Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMultiple sclerosisSex differencesInfrared thermographyFatigueLocomotion |
| spellingShingle | Jamshid Faraji Dennis Bettenson Stella Babatunde Tabitha Gangur-Powell Voon Wee Yong Gerlinde A.S. Metz Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Multiple sclerosis Sex differences Infrared thermography Fatigue Locomotion |
| title | Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females |
| title_full | Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females |
| title_fullStr | Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females |
| title_short | Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females |
| title_sort | thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice implications for multiple sclerosis induced fatigue in females |
| topic | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Multiple sclerosis Sex differences Infrared thermography Fatigue Locomotion |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354622000679 |
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