Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In plants, the 5 S rRNA genes usually occur as separate tandems (S-type arrangement) or, less commonly, linked to 35 S rDNA units (L-type). The activity of linked genes remains unknown so far. We studied the homogeneity and expressio...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/95 |
| _version_ | 1811294416722198528 |
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| author | Garcia Sònia Crhák Khaitová Lucie Kovařík Aleš |
| author_facet | Garcia Sònia Crhák Khaitová Lucie Kovařík Aleš |
| author_sort | Garcia Sònia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In plants, the 5 S rRNA genes usually occur as separate tandems (S-type arrangement) or, less commonly, linked to 35 S rDNA units (L-type). The activity of linked genes remains unknown so far. We studied the homogeneity and expression of 5 S genes in several species from family Asteraceae known to contain linked 35 S-5 S units. Additionally, their methylation status was determined using bisulfite sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to reveal the sub-nuclear positions of rDNA arrays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that homogenization of L-type units went to completion in most (4/6) but not all species. Two species contained major L-type and minor S-type units (termed L<sub>s</sub>-type). The linked genes dominate 5 S rDNA expression while the separate tandems do not seem to be expressed. Members of tribe Anthemideae evolved functional variants of the polymerase III promoter in which a residing C-box element differs from the canonical angiosperm motif by as much as 30%. On this basis, a more relaxed consensus sequence of a plant C-box: (5’-RGSWTGGGTG-3’) is proposed. The 5 S paralogs display heavy DNA methylation similarly as to their unlinked counterparts. FISH revealed the close association of 35 S-5 S arrays with nucleolar periphery indicating that transcription of 5 S genes may occur in this territory.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We show that the unusual linked arrangement of 5 S genes, occurring in several plant species, is fully compatible with their expression and functionality. This extraordinary 5 S gene dynamics is manifested at different levels, such as variation in intrachromosomal positions, unit structure, epigenetic modification and considerable divergence of regulatory motifs.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:17:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-222d47fb6f894bc19e518522e7bc98f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:17:13Z |
| publishDate | 2012-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-222d47fb6f894bc19e518522e7bc98f72022-12-22T03:00:51ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292012-06-011219510.1186/1471-2229-12-95Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergenceGarcia SòniaCrhák Khaitová LucieKovařík Aleš<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In plants, the 5 S rRNA genes usually occur as separate tandems (S-type arrangement) or, less commonly, linked to 35 S rDNA units (L-type). The activity of linked genes remains unknown so far. We studied the homogeneity and expression of 5 S genes in several species from family Asteraceae known to contain linked 35 S-5 S units. Additionally, their methylation status was determined using bisulfite sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to reveal the sub-nuclear positions of rDNA arrays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that homogenization of L-type units went to completion in most (4/6) but not all species. Two species contained major L-type and minor S-type units (termed L<sub>s</sub>-type). The linked genes dominate 5 S rDNA expression while the separate tandems do not seem to be expressed. Members of tribe Anthemideae evolved functional variants of the polymerase III promoter in which a residing C-box element differs from the canonical angiosperm motif by as much as 30%. On this basis, a more relaxed consensus sequence of a plant C-box: (5’-RGSWTGGGTG-3’) is proposed. The 5 S paralogs display heavy DNA methylation similarly as to their unlinked counterparts. FISH revealed the close association of 35 S-5 S arrays with nucleolar periphery indicating that transcription of 5 S genes may occur in this territory.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We show that the unusual linked arrangement of 5 S genes, occurring in several plant species, is fully compatible with their expression and functionality. This extraordinary 5 S gene dynamics is manifested at different levels, such as variation in intrachromosomal positions, unit structure, epigenetic modification and considerable divergence of regulatory motifs.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/955 S expression<it>Artemisia</it>AsteraceaeC-boxDNA methylationPol III promoter divergencerDNA organization |
| spellingShingle | Garcia Sònia Crhák Khaitová Lucie Kovařík Aleš Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence BMC Plant Biology 5 S expression <it>Artemisia</it> Asteraceae C-box DNA methylation Pol III promoter divergence rDNA organization |
| title | Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence |
| title_full | Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence |
| title_fullStr | Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence |
| title_short | Expression of 5 S rRNA genes linked to 35 S rDNA in plants, their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence |
| title_sort | expression of 5 s rrna genes linked to 35 s rdna in plants their epigenetic modification and regulatory element divergence |
| topic | 5 S expression <it>Artemisia</it> Asteraceae C-box DNA methylation Pol III promoter divergence rDNA organization |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/95 |
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