Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre Interlayer
The stiffness degradation of hybrid carbon/glass fibre composites are investigated under cyclic loading in three-point bending. The composites are compared to toughened composites interlayered with PA 6,6 nanofibre (veil) and a matrix toughened with 5% rubber particulate. With the incorporation of v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/6/9/270 |
| _version_ | 1797486547160793088 |
|---|---|
| author | Ashley Blythe Bronwyn Fox Mostafa Nikzad Boris Eisenbart Boon Xian Chai |
| author_facet | Ashley Blythe Bronwyn Fox Mostafa Nikzad Boris Eisenbart Boon Xian Chai |
| author_sort | Ashley Blythe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The stiffness degradation of hybrid carbon/glass fibre composites are investigated under cyclic loading in three-point bending. The composites are compared to toughened composites interlayered with PA 6,6 nanofibre (veil) and a matrix toughened with 5% rubber particulate. With the incorporation of veil into the hybridised composite, the hybrid interface experienced extensive localised delamination, due to crack deflection, causing longitudinal cracking between the fibre and veil interface. It is observed that delamination was redirected and reduced by veil interlayering, due to crack bridging as the cracks propagated. The carbon fibre composites toughened by rubber particulate showed similar stiffness retention to carbon fibre after 1,000,000 cycles. The veil interlayering within carbon fibre improved the stiffness retention by 66.87% for the flexural modulus, compared to carbon fibre and rubber toughened carbon fibre laminates. In both glass and carbon fibre samples, the stiffness retention with veil showed a 10-fold increase in fatigue life, compared with untoughened controls. It is observed from the failure mechanics that veil acted as a randomly orientated fibre layer, rather than a matrix toughener. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:34:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-223dee0b21d144558df842320ac6dabe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-477X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:34:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-223dee0b21d144558df842320ac6dabe2023-11-23T17:02:25ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2022-09-016927010.3390/jcs6090270Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre InterlayerAshley Blythe0Bronwyn Fox1Mostafa Nikzad2Boris Eisenbart3Boon Xian Chai4Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaThe stiffness degradation of hybrid carbon/glass fibre composites are investigated under cyclic loading in three-point bending. The composites are compared to toughened composites interlayered with PA 6,6 nanofibre (veil) and a matrix toughened with 5% rubber particulate. With the incorporation of veil into the hybridised composite, the hybrid interface experienced extensive localised delamination, due to crack deflection, causing longitudinal cracking between the fibre and veil interface. It is observed that delamination was redirected and reduced by veil interlayering, due to crack bridging as the cracks propagated. The carbon fibre composites toughened by rubber particulate showed similar stiffness retention to carbon fibre after 1,000,000 cycles. The veil interlayering within carbon fibre improved the stiffness retention by 66.87% for the flexural modulus, compared to carbon fibre and rubber toughened carbon fibre laminates. In both glass and carbon fibre samples, the stiffness retention with veil showed a 10-fold increase in fatigue life, compared with untoughened controls. It is observed from the failure mechanics that veil acted as a randomly orientated fibre layer, rather than a matrix toughener.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/6/9/270compositescrack bridgingfatigue crack growthfracture mechanics |
| spellingShingle | Ashley Blythe Bronwyn Fox Mostafa Nikzad Boris Eisenbart Boon Xian Chai Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre Interlayer Journal of Composites Science composites crack bridging fatigue crack growth fracture mechanics |
| title | Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre Interlayer |
| title_full | Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre Interlayer |
| title_fullStr | Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre Interlayer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre Interlayer |
| title_short | Stiffness Degradation under Cyclic Loading Using Three-Point Bending of Hybridised Carbon/Glass Fibres with a Polyamide 6,6 Nanofibre Interlayer |
| title_sort | stiffness degradation under cyclic loading using three point bending of hybridised carbon glass fibres with a polyamide 6 6 nanofibre interlayer |
| topic | composites crack bridging fatigue crack growth fracture mechanics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/6/9/270 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ashleyblythe stiffnessdegradationundercyclicloadingusingthreepointbendingofhybridisedcarbonglassfibreswithapolyamide66nanofibreinterlayer AT bronwynfox stiffnessdegradationundercyclicloadingusingthreepointbendingofhybridisedcarbonglassfibreswithapolyamide66nanofibreinterlayer AT mostafanikzad stiffnessdegradationundercyclicloadingusingthreepointbendingofhybridisedcarbonglassfibreswithapolyamide66nanofibreinterlayer AT boriseisenbart stiffnessdegradationundercyclicloadingusingthreepointbendingofhybridisedcarbonglassfibreswithapolyamide66nanofibreinterlayer AT boonxianchai stiffnessdegradationundercyclicloadingusingthreepointbendingofhybridisedcarbonglassfibreswithapolyamide66nanofibreinterlayer |