Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for various cancers of the anogenital region and oropharynx, and is supposed to play an important cofactor role for skin carcinogenesis. Evasion from immunosurveillance favors viral persistence. However, there is evidence that the mere prese...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/9/254 |
| _version_ | 1819264168166948864 |
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| author | Sigrun Smola |
| author_facet | Sigrun Smola |
| author_sort | Sigrun Smola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for various cancers of the anogenital region and oropharynx, and is supposed to play an important cofactor role for skin carcinogenesis. Evasion from immunosurveillance favors viral persistence. However, there is evidence that the mere presence of oncogenic HPV is not sufficient for malignant progression and that additional tumor-promoting steps are required. Recent studies have demonstrated that HPV-transformed cells actively promote chronic stromal inflammation and conspire with cells in the local microenvironment to promote carcinogenesis. This review highlights the complex interplay between HPV-infected cells and the local immune microenvironment during oncogenic HPV infection, persistence, and malignant progression, and discusses new prospects for diagnosis and immunotherapy of HPV-associated cancers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:25:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-224492b208ed4efdb68a296bce998475 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:25:11Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-224492b208ed4efdb68a296bce9984752022-12-21T17:32:24ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152017-09-019925410.3390/v9090254v9090254Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for ImmunotherapySigrun Smola0Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg/Saar, GermanyHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for various cancers of the anogenital region and oropharynx, and is supposed to play an important cofactor role for skin carcinogenesis. Evasion from immunosurveillance favors viral persistence. However, there is evidence that the mere presence of oncogenic HPV is not sufficient for malignant progression and that additional tumor-promoting steps are required. Recent studies have demonstrated that HPV-transformed cells actively promote chronic stromal inflammation and conspire with cells in the local microenvironment to promote carcinogenesis. This review highlights the complex interplay between HPV-infected cells and the local immune microenvironment during oncogenic HPV infection, persistence, and malignant progression, and discusses new prospects for diagnosis and immunotherapy of HPV-associated cancers.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/9/254human papillomaviruscervical cancerskin cancerepidermodysplasia verruciformisimmune evasionchronic inflammationIL-6JAK-STAT3immunotherapyimmunoscore |
| spellingShingle | Sigrun Smola Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy Viruses human papillomavirus cervical cancer skin cancer epidermodysplasia verruciformis immune evasion chronic inflammation IL-6 JAK-STAT3 immunotherapy immunoscore |
| title | Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | immunopathogenesis of hpv associated cancers and prospects for immunotherapy |
| topic | human papillomavirus cervical cancer skin cancer epidermodysplasia verruciformis immune evasion chronic inflammation IL-6 JAK-STAT3 immunotherapy immunoscore |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/9/254 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sigrunsmola immunopathogenesisofhpvassociatedcancersandprospectsforimmunotherapy |