Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends
Introducing multiphase structures into benzoxazine (BOZ)/epoxy resins (ER) blends via reaction-induced phase separation has proved to be promising strategy for improving their toughness. However, due to the limited contrast between two phases, little information is known about the phase morphologica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/17/2945 |
| _version_ | 1797520942265532416 |
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| author | Jun Yue Honglei Wang Qian Zhou Pei Zhao |
| author_facet | Jun Yue Honglei Wang Qian Zhou Pei Zhao |
| author_sort | Jun Yue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introducing multiphase structures into benzoxazine (BOZ)/epoxy resins (ER) blends via reaction-induced phase separation has proved to be promising strategy for improving their toughness. However, due to the limited contrast between two phases, little information is known about the phase morphological evolutions, a fundamental but vital issue to rational design and preparation of blends with different phase morphologies in a controllable manner. Here we addressed this problem by amplifying the difference of polymerization activity (PA) between BOZ and ER by synthesizing a low reactive phenol-3,3-diethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane based benzoxazine (MOEA-BOZ) monomer. Results indicated that the PA of ER was higher than that of BOZ. The use of less reactive MOEA-BOZs significantly enlarged their PA difference with ER, and thus increased the extent of phase separation and improved the phase contrast. Phase morphologies varied with the content of ER. As for the phase morphological evolution, a rapid phase separation could occur in the initial homogeneous blends with the polymerization of ER, and the phase morphology gradually evolved with the increase in ER conversion until the ER was used up. The polymerization of ER is not only the driving-force for the phase separation, but also the main factor influencing the phase morphologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:05:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2245b2100190480ba3438ca7521e63e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:05:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2245b2100190480ba3438ca7521e63e02023-11-22T11:05:43ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-08-011317294510.3390/polym13172945Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary BlendsJun Yue0Honglei Wang1Qian Zhou2Pei Zhao3School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Sciences and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaKey Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaIntroducing multiphase structures into benzoxazine (BOZ)/epoxy resins (ER) blends via reaction-induced phase separation has proved to be promising strategy for improving their toughness. However, due to the limited contrast between two phases, little information is known about the phase morphological evolutions, a fundamental but vital issue to rational design and preparation of blends with different phase morphologies in a controllable manner. Here we addressed this problem by amplifying the difference of polymerization activity (PA) between BOZ and ER by synthesizing a low reactive phenol-3,3-diethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane based benzoxazine (MOEA-BOZ) monomer. Results indicated that the PA of ER was higher than that of BOZ. The use of less reactive MOEA-BOZs significantly enlarged their PA difference with ER, and thus increased the extent of phase separation and improved the phase contrast. Phase morphologies varied with the content of ER. As for the phase morphological evolution, a rapid phase separation could occur in the initial homogeneous blends with the polymerization of ER, and the phase morphology gradually evolved with the increase in ER conversion until the ER was used up. The polymerization of ER is not only the driving-force for the phase separation, but also the main factor influencing the phase morphologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/17/2945benzoxazine/epoxy blendsreaction induced phase separationphase morphologymorphology evolution |
| spellingShingle | Jun Yue Honglei Wang Qian Zhou Pei Zhao Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends Polymers benzoxazine/epoxy blends reaction induced phase separation phase morphology morphology evolution |
| title | Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends |
| title_full | Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends |
| title_fullStr | Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends |
| title_short | Reaction-Induced Phase Separation and Morphology Evolution of Benzoxazine/Epoxy/Imidazole Ternary Blends |
| title_sort | reaction induced phase separation and morphology evolution of benzoxazine epoxy imidazole ternary blends |
| topic | benzoxazine/epoxy blends reaction induced phase separation phase morphology morphology evolution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/17/2945 |
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