Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing
This work explores the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic responses of an airfoil fitted with a harmonically morphing Trailing Edge Flap (TEF). An unsteady parametrization method adapted for harmonic morphing is introduced, and then coupled with dynamic meshing to drive the morphing process. The turbulenc...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Acoustics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-599X/3/1/13 |
| _version_ | 1797413233940758528 |
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| author | Chawki Abdessemed Abdessalem Bouferrouk Yufeng Yao |
| author_facet | Chawki Abdessemed Abdessalem Bouferrouk Yufeng Yao |
| author_sort | Chawki Abdessemed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work explores the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic responses of an airfoil fitted with a harmonically morphing Trailing Edge Flap (TEF). An unsteady parametrization method adapted for harmonic morphing is introduced, and then coupled with dynamic meshing to drive the morphing process. The turbulence characteristics are calculated using the hybrid Stress Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES) RANS-LES model. The far-field tonal noise is predicted using the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy method with corrections to account for spanwise effects using a correlation length of half the airfoil chord. At various morphing frequencies and amplitudes, the 2D aeroacoustic tonal noise spectra are obtained for a NACA 0012 airfoil at a low angle of attack (AoA = 4°), a Reynolds number of 0.62 × 10<sup>6</sup>, and a Mach number of 0.115, respectively, and the dominant tonal frequencies are predicted correctly. The aerodynamic coefficients of the un-morphed configuration show good agreement with published experimental and 3D LES data. For the harmonically morphing TEF case, results show that it is possible to achieve up to a 3% increase in aerodynamic efficiency (L/D). Furthermore, the morphing slightly shifts the predominant tonal peak to higher frequencies, possibly due to the morphing TEF causing a breakup of large-scale shed vortices into smaller, higher frequency turbulent eddies. It appears that larger morphing amplitudes induce higher sound pressure levels (SPLs), and that all the morphing cases induce the shift in the main tonal peak to a higher frequency, with a maximum 1.5 dB reduction in predicted SPL. The proposed dynamic meshing approach incorporating an SBES model provides a reasonable estimation of the NACA 0012 far-field tonal noise at an affordable computational cost. Thus, it can be used as an efficient numerical tool to predict the emitted far-field tonal noise from a morphing wing at the design stage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:14:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2247ff547e06461e8d2a6a6f3db522d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-599X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:14:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acoustics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2247ff547e06461e8d2a6a6f3db522d92023-12-03T12:46:37ZengMDPI AGAcoustics2624-599X2021-03-013117719910.3390/acoustics3010013Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic MeshingChawki Abdessemed0Abdessalem Bouferrouk1Yufeng Yao2Propulsion Engineering Centre, School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UKDepartment of Engineering Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UKDepartment of Engineering Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UKThis work explores the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic responses of an airfoil fitted with a harmonically morphing Trailing Edge Flap (TEF). An unsteady parametrization method adapted for harmonic morphing is introduced, and then coupled with dynamic meshing to drive the morphing process. The turbulence characteristics are calculated using the hybrid Stress Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES) RANS-LES model. The far-field tonal noise is predicted using the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy method with corrections to account for spanwise effects using a correlation length of half the airfoil chord. At various morphing frequencies and amplitudes, the 2D aeroacoustic tonal noise spectra are obtained for a NACA 0012 airfoil at a low angle of attack (AoA = 4°), a Reynolds number of 0.62 × 10<sup>6</sup>, and a Mach number of 0.115, respectively, and the dominant tonal frequencies are predicted correctly. The aerodynamic coefficients of the un-morphed configuration show good agreement with published experimental and 3D LES data. For the harmonically morphing TEF case, results show that it is possible to achieve up to a 3% increase in aerodynamic efficiency (L/D). Furthermore, the morphing slightly shifts the predominant tonal peak to higher frequencies, possibly due to the morphing TEF causing a breakup of large-scale shed vortices into smaller, higher frequency turbulent eddies. It appears that larger morphing amplitudes induce higher sound pressure levels (SPLs), and that all the morphing cases induce the shift in the main tonal peak to a higher frequency, with a maximum 1.5 dB reduction in predicted SPL. The proposed dynamic meshing approach incorporating an SBES model provides a reasonable estimation of the NACA 0012 far-field tonal noise at an affordable computational cost. Thus, it can be used as an efficient numerical tool to predict the emitted far-field tonal noise from a morphing wing at the design stage.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-599X/3/1/13harmonically morphingactive flow controldynamic meshingtonal noiseRANS-LESSBES |
| spellingShingle | Chawki Abdessemed Abdessalem Bouferrouk Yufeng Yao Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing Acoustics harmonically morphing active flow control dynamic meshing tonal noise RANS-LES SBES |
| title | Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing |
| title_full | Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing |
| title_fullStr | Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing |
| title_short | Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing |
| title_sort | aerodynamic and aeroacoustic analysis of a harmonically morphing airfoil using dynamic meshing |
| topic | harmonically morphing active flow control dynamic meshing tonal noise RANS-LES SBES |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-599X/3/1/13 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chawkiabdessemed aerodynamicandaeroacousticanalysisofaharmonicallymorphingairfoilusingdynamicmeshing AT abdessalembouferrouk aerodynamicandaeroacousticanalysisofaharmonicallymorphingairfoilusingdynamicmeshing AT yufengyao aerodynamicandaeroacousticanalysisofaharmonicallymorphingairfoilusingdynamicmeshing |