Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field
The Groningen natural gas field in the Netherlands – one of Europe’s major gas fields – deploys a “production cluster” infrastructure with extraction, some processing and storage in a single facility. This region is also the site of intensive agriculture and cattle operations. We present results fro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioOne
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/308 |
| _version_ | 1828450760389558272 |
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| author | Tara I. Yacovitch Bruno Neininger Scott C. Herndon Hugo Denier van der Gon Sander Jonkers Jan Hulskotte Joseph R. Roscioli Daniel Zavala-Araiza |
| author_facet | Tara I. Yacovitch Bruno Neininger Scott C. Herndon Hugo Denier van der Gon Sander Jonkers Jan Hulskotte Joseph R. Roscioli Daniel Zavala-Araiza |
| author_sort | Tara I. Yacovitch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Groningen natural gas field in the Netherlands – one of Europe’s major gas fields – deploys a “production cluster” infrastructure with extraction, some processing and storage in a single facility. This region is also the site of intensive agriculture and cattle operations. We present results from a multi-scale measurement campaign of methane emissions, including ground and airborne-based estimates. Results are compared with inventory at both the facility and regional level. Investigation of production cluster emissions in the Groningen gas field shows that production volume alone is not a good indicator of whether, and how much, a site is emitting methane. Sites that are nominally shut down may still be emitting, and vice-versa. As a result, the inventory emission factors applied to these sites (i.e. weighted by production) do a poor job of reproducing individual site emissions. Additional facility-level case studies are presented, including a plume at 150 ± 50 kg CH4 hr–1 with an unidentified off-shore emission source, a natural gas storage facility and landfills. Methane emissions in a study region covering 6000 km2 and including the majority of the Groningen field are dominated by biogenic sources (e.g. agriculture, wetlands, cattle). Total methane emissions (8 ± 2 Mg hr–1) are lower than inventory predictions (14 Mg hr–1) but the proportion of fossil fuel sources is higher than indicated by the inventory. Apportionment of methane emissions between thermogenic and biogenic source types used ethane/methane ratios in aircraft flasks and ground-based source characterization. We find that emissions from the oil and gas sector account for 20% of regional methane, with 95% confidence limits of (0%, 51%). The experimental uncertainties bound the inventory apportionment of 1.9%, though the central estimate of 20% exceeds this result by nearly 10 times. This study’s uncertainties demonstrate the need for additional research focusing on emissions apportionment, inventory refinement and offshore platforms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:27:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-225589991f26473fbf8b5815c8c79ac8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2325-1026 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:27:47Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | BioOne |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
| spelling | doaj.art-225589991f26473fbf8b5815c8c79ac82022-12-22T01:29:30ZengBioOneElementa: Science of the Anthropocene2325-10262018-08-016110.1525/elementa.308283Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen fieldTara I. Yacovitch0Bruno Neininger1Scott C. Herndon2Hugo Denier van der Gon3Sander Jonkers4Jan Hulskotte5Joseph R. Roscioli6Daniel Zavala-Araiza7Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MassachusettsMetair AG, Airfield LSZN near ZurichAerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MassachusettsTNO Department of Climate, Air and Sustainability, UtrechtTNO Department of Climate, Air and Sustainability, UtrechtTNO Department of Climate, Air and Sustainability, UtrechtAerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MassachusettsEnvironmental Defense Fund, New YorkThe Groningen natural gas field in the Netherlands – one of Europe’s major gas fields – deploys a “production cluster” infrastructure with extraction, some processing and storage in a single facility. This region is also the site of intensive agriculture and cattle operations. We present results from a multi-scale measurement campaign of methane emissions, including ground and airborne-based estimates. Results are compared with inventory at both the facility and regional level. Investigation of production cluster emissions in the Groningen gas field shows that production volume alone is not a good indicator of whether, and how much, a site is emitting methane. Sites that are nominally shut down may still be emitting, and vice-versa. As a result, the inventory emission factors applied to these sites (i.e. weighted by production) do a poor job of reproducing individual site emissions. Additional facility-level case studies are presented, including a plume at 150 ± 50 kg CH4 hr–1 with an unidentified off-shore emission source, a natural gas storage facility and landfills. Methane emissions in a study region covering 6000 km2 and including the majority of the Groningen field are dominated by biogenic sources (e.g. agriculture, wetlands, cattle). Total methane emissions (8 ± 2 Mg hr–1) are lower than inventory predictions (14 Mg hr–1) but the proportion of fossil fuel sources is higher than indicated by the inventory. Apportionment of methane emissions between thermogenic and biogenic source types used ethane/methane ratios in aircraft flasks and ground-based source characterization. We find that emissions from the oil and gas sector account for 20% of regional methane, with 95% confidence limits of (0%, 51%). The experimental uncertainties bound the inventory apportionment of 1.9%, though the central estimate of 20% exceeds this result by nearly 10 times. This study’s uncertainties demonstrate the need for additional research focusing on emissions apportionment, inventory refinement and offshore platforms.https://www.elementascience.org/articles/308The NetherlandsGroningenMethaneEmissionsOil and GasEthane |
| spellingShingle | Tara I. Yacovitch Bruno Neininger Scott C. Herndon Hugo Denier van der Gon Sander Jonkers Jan Hulskotte Joseph R. Roscioli Daniel Zavala-Araiza Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene The Netherlands Groningen Methane Emissions Oil and Gas Ethane |
| title | Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field |
| title_full | Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field |
| title_fullStr | Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field |
| title_short | Methane emissions in the Netherlands: The Groningen field |
| title_sort | methane emissions in the netherlands the groningen field |
| topic | The Netherlands Groningen Methane Emissions Oil and Gas Ethane |
| url | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/308 |
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