Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism
Abstract Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors that may be quickly detected by experts (Autism Res 10:653–62, 2017; American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorde...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Molecular Autism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3 |
| _version_ | 1818334109667164160 |
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| author | Meredith L. Cola Samantha Plate Lisa Yankowitz Victoria Petrulla Leila Bateman Casey J. Zampella Ashley de Marchena Juhi Pandey Robert T. Schultz Julia Parish-Morris |
| author_facet | Meredith L. Cola Samantha Plate Lisa Yankowitz Victoria Petrulla Leila Bateman Casey J. Zampella Ashley de Marchena Juhi Pandey Robert T. Schultz Julia Parish-Morris |
| author_sort | Meredith L. Cola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors that may be quickly detected by experts (Autism Res 10:653–62, 2017; American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). Recent research suggests that even naïve non-experts judge a variety of human dimensions using narrow windows of experience called “first impressions.” Growing recognition of sex differences in a variety of observable behaviors in ASD, combined with research showing that some autistic girls and women may “camouflage” outward symptoms, suggests it may be more difficult for naïve conversation partners to detect ASD symptoms in girls. Here, we explore the first impressions made by boys and girls with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. Methods Ninety-three school-aged children with ASD or TD were matched on IQ; autistic girls and boys were additionally matched on autism symptom severity using the ADOS-2. Participants completed a 5-minute “get-to-know-you” conversation with a new young adult acquaintance. Immediately after the conversation, confederates rated participants on a variety of dimensions. Our primary analysis compared conversation ratings between groups (ASD boys, ASD girls, TD boys, TD girls). Results Autistic girls were rated more positively than autistic boys by novel conversation partners (better perceived social communication ability), despite comparable autism symptom severity as rated by expert clinicians (equivalent true social communication ability). Boys with ASD were rated more negatively than typical boys and typical girls by novel conversation partners as well as expert clinicians. There was no significant difference in the first impressions made by autistic girls compared to typical girls during conversations with a novel conversation partner, but autistic girls were rated lower than typical girls by expert clinicians. Limitations This study cannot speak to the ways in which first impressions may differ for younger children, adults, or individuals who are not verbally fluent; in addition, there were more autistic boys than girls in our sample, making it difficult to detect small effects. Conclusions First impressions made during naturalistic conversations with non-expert conversation partners could—in combination with clinical ratings and parent report—shed light on the nature and effects of behavioral differences between girls and boys on the autism spectrum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:02:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-226a844a7fd94d50879d00c45efb2281 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2040-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:02:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Autism |
| spelling | doaj.art-226a844a7fd94d50879d00c45efb22812022-12-21T23:42:40ZengBMCMolecular Autism2040-23922020-06-0111111210.1186/s13229-020-00336-3Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autismMeredith L. Cola0Samantha Plate1Lisa Yankowitz2Victoria Petrulla3Leila Bateman4Casey J. Zampella5Ashley de Marchena6Juhi Pandey7Robert T. Schultz8Julia Parish-Morris9Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchChildren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism ResearchAbstract Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors that may be quickly detected by experts (Autism Res 10:653–62, 2017; American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). Recent research suggests that even naïve non-experts judge a variety of human dimensions using narrow windows of experience called “first impressions.” Growing recognition of sex differences in a variety of observable behaviors in ASD, combined with research showing that some autistic girls and women may “camouflage” outward symptoms, suggests it may be more difficult for naïve conversation partners to detect ASD symptoms in girls. Here, we explore the first impressions made by boys and girls with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. Methods Ninety-three school-aged children with ASD or TD were matched on IQ; autistic girls and boys were additionally matched on autism symptom severity using the ADOS-2. Participants completed a 5-minute “get-to-know-you” conversation with a new young adult acquaintance. Immediately after the conversation, confederates rated participants on a variety of dimensions. Our primary analysis compared conversation ratings between groups (ASD boys, ASD girls, TD boys, TD girls). Results Autistic girls were rated more positively than autistic boys by novel conversation partners (better perceived social communication ability), despite comparable autism symptom severity as rated by expert clinicians (equivalent true social communication ability). Boys with ASD were rated more negatively than typical boys and typical girls by novel conversation partners as well as expert clinicians. There was no significant difference in the first impressions made by autistic girls compared to typical girls during conversations with a novel conversation partner, but autistic girls were rated lower than typical girls by expert clinicians. Limitations This study cannot speak to the ways in which first impressions may differ for younger children, adults, or individuals who are not verbally fluent; in addition, there were more autistic boys than girls in our sample, making it difficult to detect small effects. Conclusions First impressions made during naturalistic conversations with non-expert conversation partners could—in combination with clinical ratings and parent report—shed light on the nature and effects of behavioral differences between girls and boys on the autism spectrum.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3Autism spectrum disorderFirst impressionsSex differencesCamouflage |
| spellingShingle | Meredith L. Cola Samantha Plate Lisa Yankowitz Victoria Petrulla Leila Bateman Casey J. Zampella Ashley de Marchena Juhi Pandey Robert T. Schultz Julia Parish-Morris Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism Molecular Autism Autism spectrum disorder First impressions Sex differences Camouflage |
| title | Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism |
| title_full | Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism |
| title_fullStr | Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism |
| title_short | Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism |
| title_sort | sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism |
| topic | Autism spectrum disorder First impressions Sex differences Camouflage |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3 |
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