Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control study
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause severe inflammation and damage to the lungs. Vitamins A and E are essential in the enhancement of immunity and they tend to decrease in cases with inflammation. Determination of serum levels of vitamins A and E in COVID-19 patients was the aim o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-07-01
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| Series: | The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00210-9 |
| _version_ | 1797774334857576448 |
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| author | Iman Atef Mandour Sabah Ahmed Hussein Hany William Z. Hanna Salma Ahmed Abdellatif Balsam Sherif Fahmy |
| author_facet | Iman Atef Mandour Sabah Ahmed Hussein Hany William Z. Hanna Salma Ahmed Abdellatif Balsam Sherif Fahmy |
| author_sort | Iman Atef Mandour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause severe inflammation and damage to the lungs. Vitamins A and E are essential in the enhancement of immunity and they tend to decrease in cases with inflammation. Determination of serum levels of vitamins A and E in COVID-19 patients was the aim of the study. Methods This case–control study was carried out on 30 ICU–admitted SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals (group A), 30 ward–admitted SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals (group B) and 30 healthy controls (group C). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure vitamin A and E levels. Results Median levels of vitamin A in group A [0.16 (0.08–0.23) µg/ml] were significantly lower than those in group B [0.4 (0.15–0.65) µg/ml] and in group C [0.81 (0.70–1.16) µg/ml] with P value < 0.001, while there was no significant difference between groups concerning vitamin E levels (P value = 0.535). Vitamin A deficiency showed significant correlation with lower hemoglobin levels, lower platelet counts, higher total leucocyte counts, higher C- reactive protein levels, and higher D-dimer levels. ROC curve construction showed that vitamin A level with cut off < 0.65 µg/ml increases risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development with sensitivity 90% and specificity 83.3%. Logistic regression analysis showed that cases with vitamin A levels < 0.65 µg/ml were more prone to develop ARDS (OR = 0.003 [0.000–0.036] P < 0.001). Conclusion Levels of vitamin A were reduced in COVID-19 patients particularly in ICU–admitted cases. This ensures the association of decreased vitamin A with disease morbidity and the importance of vitamin A supplementation as part of disease management. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT05946499. Registered 12 July 2023—Retrospectively registered. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000DGLS&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00070DC&ts=2&cx=gieusm . |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:18:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22723070c0564706b8c729b4d33f55ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2314-8551 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:18:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology |
| spelling | doaj.art-22723070c0564706b8c729b4d33f55ab2023-07-23T11:08:46ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Journal of Bronchology2314-85512023-07-011711810.1186/s43168-023-00210-9Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control studyIman Atef Mandour0Sabah Ahmed Hussein1Hany William Z. Hanna2Salma Ahmed Abdellatif3Balsam Sherif Fahmy4Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityPulmonology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAbstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause severe inflammation and damage to the lungs. Vitamins A and E are essential in the enhancement of immunity and they tend to decrease in cases with inflammation. Determination of serum levels of vitamins A and E in COVID-19 patients was the aim of the study. Methods This case–control study was carried out on 30 ICU–admitted SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals (group A), 30 ward–admitted SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals (group B) and 30 healthy controls (group C). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure vitamin A and E levels. Results Median levels of vitamin A in group A [0.16 (0.08–0.23) µg/ml] were significantly lower than those in group B [0.4 (0.15–0.65) µg/ml] and in group C [0.81 (0.70–1.16) µg/ml] with P value < 0.001, while there was no significant difference between groups concerning vitamin E levels (P value = 0.535). Vitamin A deficiency showed significant correlation with lower hemoglobin levels, lower platelet counts, higher total leucocyte counts, higher C- reactive protein levels, and higher D-dimer levels. ROC curve construction showed that vitamin A level with cut off < 0.65 µg/ml increases risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development with sensitivity 90% and specificity 83.3%. Logistic regression analysis showed that cases with vitamin A levels < 0.65 µg/ml were more prone to develop ARDS (OR = 0.003 [0.000–0.036] P < 0.001). Conclusion Levels of vitamin A were reduced in COVID-19 patients particularly in ICU–admitted cases. This ensures the association of decreased vitamin A with disease morbidity and the importance of vitamin A supplementation as part of disease management. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT05946499. Registered 12 July 2023—Retrospectively registered. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000DGLS&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00070DC&ts=2&cx=gieusm .https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00210-9COVID-19SARS-CoV-2Vitamin AVitamin EHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Iman Atef Mandour Sabah Ahmed Hussein Hany William Z. Hanna Salma Ahmed Abdellatif Balsam Sherif Fahmy Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control study The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vitamin A Vitamin E HPLC |
| title | Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control study |
| title_full | Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control study |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control study |
| title_short | Evaluation of vitamin A and E deficiency with severity of SARS-COV-2 disease: a case–control study |
| title_sort | evaluation of vitamin a and e deficiency with severity of sars cov 2 disease a case control study |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vitamin A Vitamin E HPLC |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00210-9 |
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