Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation
The data embedding of vacating room after encryption reversible data hiding in encrypted images (VRAE RDHEI) is performed on an encrypted image without redundancy and spatial correlation. Data extraction and image recovery rely on a range of unique mechanisms that utilize spatial correlation in the...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/1/32 |
| _version_ | 1797358443314544640 |
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| author | Qing Zhang Kaimeng Chen |
| author_facet | Qing Zhang Kaimeng Chen |
| author_sort | Qing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The data embedding of vacating room after encryption reversible data hiding in encrypted images (VRAE RDHEI) is performed on an encrypted image without redundancy and spatial correlation. Data extraction and image recovery rely on a range of unique mechanisms that utilize spatial correlation in the decrypted domain. Of these mechanisms, pixel prediction is among the most frequently used, directly affecting the capacity and fidelity. In this paper, we propose a novel method that uses a two-round interpolation mechanism to enhance pixel prediction precision while preserving a large number of carrier pixels. In the proposed method, the content owner uses a stream cipher to encrypt the image as a carrier. The data hider flips specific LSBs of the encrypted image for data embedding. On the receiver side, the process of data extraction and image recovery is divided into two stages. In each stage, based on the varying distributions of the original or recovered pixels with the carrier pixels, the corresponding pixel interpolation schemes are used to accurately predict the pixels for data extraction and image recovery. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently improve the capacity and fidelity with full reversibility compared to existing VRAE RDHEI methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:02:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-227a22e74da341079f11cb1d44a78523 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:02:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-227a22e74da341079f11cb1d44a785232024-01-10T15:03:22ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902023-12-011213210.3390/math12010032Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image InterpolationQing Zhang0Kaimeng Chen1College of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaThe data embedding of vacating room after encryption reversible data hiding in encrypted images (VRAE RDHEI) is performed on an encrypted image without redundancy and spatial correlation. Data extraction and image recovery rely on a range of unique mechanisms that utilize spatial correlation in the decrypted domain. Of these mechanisms, pixel prediction is among the most frequently used, directly affecting the capacity and fidelity. In this paper, we propose a novel method that uses a two-round interpolation mechanism to enhance pixel prediction precision while preserving a large number of carrier pixels. In the proposed method, the content owner uses a stream cipher to encrypt the image as a carrier. The data hider flips specific LSBs of the encrypted image for data embedding. On the receiver side, the process of data extraction and image recovery is divided into two stages. In each stage, based on the varying distributions of the original or recovered pixels with the carrier pixels, the corresponding pixel interpolation schemes are used to accurately predict the pixels for data extraction and image recovery. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently improve the capacity and fidelity with full reversibility compared to existing VRAE RDHEI methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/1/32reversible data hidingencryptioninterpolation |
| spellingShingle | Qing Zhang Kaimeng Chen Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation Mathematics reversible data hiding encryption interpolation |
| title | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation |
| title_full | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation |
| title_fullStr | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation |
| title_short | Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation |
| title_sort | reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on two round image interpolation |
| topic | reversible data hiding encryption interpolation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/1/32 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qingzhang reversibledatahidinginencryptedimagesbasedontworoundimageinterpolation AT kaimengchen reversibledatahidinginencryptedimagesbasedontworoundimageinterpolation |