| Summary: | Owing to its capacity to eliminate a long-standing methodological limitation, fiber photometry can assist research gaining novel insight into neural systems. Fiber photometry can reveal artifact-free neural activity under deep brain stimulation (DBS). Although evoking neural potential with DBS is an effective method for mediating neural activity and neural function, the relationship between DBS-evoked neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> change and DBS-evoked neural electrophysiology remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, a self-assembled optrode was demonstrated as a DBS stimulator and an optical biosensor capable of concurrently recording Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluorescence and electrophysiological signals. Before the in vivo experiment, the volume of tissue activated (VTA) was estimated, and the simulated Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals were presented using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to approach the realistic in vivo environment. When VTA and the simulated Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals were combined, the distribution of simulated Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluorescence signals matched the VTA region. In addition, the in vivo experiment revealed a correlation between the local field potential (LFP) and the Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluorescence signal in the evoked region, revealing the relationship between electrophysiology and the performance of neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration behavior. Concurrent with the VTA volume, simulated Ca<sup>2+</sup> intensity, and the in vivo experiment, these data suggested that the behavior of neural electrophysiology was consistent with the phenomenon of Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx to neurons.
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