Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based Measures
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Blood Pressure Variability (BPV) are widely employed tools for characterizing the complex behavior of cardiovascular dynamics. Usually, HRV and BPV analyses are carried out through short-term (ST) measurements, which exploit ~five-minute-long recordings. Recent resea...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9149 |
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| author | Gabriele Volpes Chiara Barà Alessandro Busacca Salvatore Stivala Michal Javorka Luca Faes Riccardo Pernice |
| author_facet | Gabriele Volpes Chiara Barà Alessandro Busacca Salvatore Stivala Michal Javorka Luca Faes Riccardo Pernice |
| author_sort | Gabriele Volpes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Blood Pressure Variability (BPV) are widely employed tools for characterizing the complex behavior of cardiovascular dynamics. Usually, HRV and BPV analyses are carried out through short-term (ST) measurements, which exploit ~five-minute-long recordings. Recent research efforts are focused on reducing the time series length, assessing whether and to what extent Ultra-Short-Term (UST) analysis is capable of extracting information about cardiovascular variability from very short recordings. In this work, we compare ST and UST measures computed on electrocardiographic R-R intervals and systolic arterial pressure time series obtained at rest and during both postural and mental stress. Standard time–domain indices are computed, together with entropy-based measures able to assess the regularity and complexity of cardiovascular dynamics, on time series lasting down to 60 samples, employing either a faster linear parametric estimator or a more reliable but time-consuming model-free method based on nearest neighbor estimates. Our results are evidence that shorter time series down to 120 samples still exhibit an acceptable agreement with the ST reference and can also be exploited to discriminate between stress and rest. Moreover, despite neglecting nonlinearities inherent to short-term cardiovascular dynamics, the faster linear estimator is still capable of detecting differences among the conditions, thus resulting in its suitability to be implemented on wearable devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2290ed2826544b2ba7f568c8e0f8cfc0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:32:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2290ed2826544b2ba7f568c8e0f8cfc02023-11-24T12:09:19ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012223914910.3390/s22239149Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based MeasuresGabriele Volpes0Chiara Barà1Alessandro Busacca2Salvatore Stivala3Michal Javorka4Luca Faes5Riccardo Pernice6Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 036 01 Martin, SlovakiaDepartment of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, ItalyHeart Rate Variability (HRV) and Blood Pressure Variability (BPV) are widely employed tools for characterizing the complex behavior of cardiovascular dynamics. Usually, HRV and BPV analyses are carried out through short-term (ST) measurements, which exploit ~five-minute-long recordings. Recent research efforts are focused on reducing the time series length, assessing whether and to what extent Ultra-Short-Term (UST) analysis is capable of extracting information about cardiovascular variability from very short recordings. In this work, we compare ST and UST measures computed on electrocardiographic R-R intervals and systolic arterial pressure time series obtained at rest and during both postural and mental stress. Standard time–domain indices are computed, together with entropy-based measures able to assess the regularity and complexity of cardiovascular dynamics, on time series lasting down to 60 samples, employing either a faster linear parametric estimator or a more reliable but time-consuming model-free method based on nearest neighbor estimates. Our results are evidence that shorter time series down to 120 samples still exhibit an acceptable agreement with the ST reference and can also be exploited to discriminate between stress and rest. Moreover, despite neglecting nonlinearities inherent to short-term cardiovascular dynamics, the faster linear estimator is still capable of detecting differences among the conditions, thus resulting in its suitability to be implemented on wearable devices.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9149Heart Rate Variability (HRV)Short-Term (ST) cardiovascular variabilityUltra-Short-Term (UST) HRVelectrocardiography (ECG)Systolic Arterial Pressure (SAP)entropy |
| spellingShingle | Gabriele Volpes Chiara Barà Alessandro Busacca Salvatore Stivala Michal Javorka Luca Faes Riccardo Pernice Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based Measures Sensors Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Short-Term (ST) cardiovascular variability Ultra-Short-Term (UST) HRV electrocardiography (ECG) Systolic Arterial Pressure (SAP) entropy |
| title | Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based Measures |
| title_full | Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based Measures |
| title_fullStr | Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based Measures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based Measures |
| title_short | Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based Measures |
| title_sort | feasibility of ultra short term analysis of heart rate and systolic arterial pressure variability at rest and during stress via time domain and entropy based measures |
| topic | Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Short-Term (ST) cardiovascular variability Ultra-Short-Term (UST) HRV electrocardiography (ECG) Systolic Arterial Pressure (SAP) entropy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9149 |
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