Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application
To date, batteries are the most widely used energy storage devices, fulfilling the requirements of different industrial and consumer applications. However, the efficient use of renewable energy sources and the emergence of wearable electronics has created the need for new requirements such as high-s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/3/702 |
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| author | Mate Czagany Szabolcs Hompoth Anup Kumar Keshri Niranjan Pandit Imre Galambos Zoltan Gacsi Peter Baumli |
| author_facet | Mate Czagany Szabolcs Hompoth Anup Kumar Keshri Niranjan Pandit Imre Galambos Zoltan Gacsi Peter Baumli |
| author_sort | Mate Czagany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To date, batteries are the most widely used energy storage devices, fulfilling the requirements of different industrial and consumer applications. However, the efficient use of renewable energy sources and the emergence of wearable electronics has created the need for new requirements such as high-speed energy delivery, faster charge–discharge speeds, longer lifetimes, and reusability. This leads to the need for supercapacitors, which can be a good complement to batteries. However, one of their drawbacks is their lower energy storage capability, which has triggered worldwide research efforts to increase their energy density. With the introduction of novel nanostructured materials, hierarchical pore structures, hybrid devices combining these materials, and unconventional electrolytes, significant developments have been reported in the literature. This paper reviews the short history of the evolution of supercapacitors and the fundamental aspects of supercapacitors, positioning them among other energy-storage systems. The main electrochemical measurement methods used to characterize their energy storage features are discussed with a focus on their specific characteristics and limitations. High importance is given to the integral components of the supercapacitor cell, particularly to the electrode materials and the different types of electrolytes that determine the performance of the supercapacitor device (e.g., storage capability, power output, cycling stability). Current directions in the development of electrode materials, including carbonaceous forms, transition metal-based compounds, conducting polymers, and novel materials are discussed. The synergy between the electrode material and the current collector is a key factor, as well as the fine-tuning of the electrode material and electrolyte. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:52:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22958b46d5304542a0edb3b6a3f78ccd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:52:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-22958b46d5304542a0edb3b6a3f78ccd2024-02-09T15:17:47ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-02-0117370210.3390/ma17030702Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage ApplicationMate Czagany0Szabolcs Hompoth1Anup Kumar Keshri2Niranjan Pandit3Imre Galambos4Zoltan Gacsi5Peter Baumli6Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, HungaryInstitute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, HungaryPlasma Spray Coating Laboratory, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, IndiaPlasma Spray Coating Laboratory, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801106, Bihar, IndiaAsianet Hungary Ltd., 1033 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, HungaryInstitute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, HungaryTo date, batteries are the most widely used energy storage devices, fulfilling the requirements of different industrial and consumer applications. However, the efficient use of renewable energy sources and the emergence of wearable electronics has created the need for new requirements such as high-speed energy delivery, faster charge–discharge speeds, longer lifetimes, and reusability. This leads to the need for supercapacitors, which can be a good complement to batteries. However, one of their drawbacks is their lower energy storage capability, which has triggered worldwide research efforts to increase their energy density. With the introduction of novel nanostructured materials, hierarchical pore structures, hybrid devices combining these materials, and unconventional electrolytes, significant developments have been reported in the literature. This paper reviews the short history of the evolution of supercapacitors and the fundamental aspects of supercapacitors, positioning them among other energy-storage systems. The main electrochemical measurement methods used to characterize their energy storage features are discussed with a focus on their specific characteristics and limitations. High importance is given to the integral components of the supercapacitor cell, particularly to the electrode materials and the different types of electrolytes that determine the performance of the supercapacitor device (e.g., storage capability, power output, cycling stability). Current directions in the development of electrode materials, including carbonaceous forms, transition metal-based compounds, conducting polymers, and novel materials are discussed. The synergy between the electrode material and the current collector is a key factor, as well as the fine-tuning of the electrode material and electrolyte.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/3/702supercapacitorenergy storageEDLCpseudocapacitanceelectrodeelectrolyte |
| spellingShingle | Mate Czagany Szabolcs Hompoth Anup Kumar Keshri Niranjan Pandit Imre Galambos Zoltan Gacsi Peter Baumli Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application Materials supercapacitor energy storage EDLC pseudocapacitance electrode electrolyte |
| title | Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application |
| title_full | Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application |
| title_fullStr | Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application |
| title_short | Supercapacitors: An Efficient Way for Energy Storage Application |
| title_sort | supercapacitors an efficient way for energy storage application |
| topic | supercapacitor energy storage EDLC pseudocapacitance electrode electrolyte |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/3/702 |
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