Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion
Abstract Babesia parasite invades exclusively red blood cell (RBC) in mammalian host and induces alterations to host cell for survival. Despite the importance of Babesia in livestock industry and emerging cases in humans, their basic biology is hampered by lack of suitable biological tools. In this...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96365-w |
| _version_ | 1819194821779128320 |
|---|---|
| author | Hassan Hakimi Masahito Asada Takahiro Ishizaki Shinichiro Kawazu |
| author_facet | Hassan Hakimi Masahito Asada Takahiro Ishizaki Shinichiro Kawazu |
| author_sort | Hassan Hakimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Babesia parasite invades exclusively red blood cell (RBC) in mammalian host and induces alterations to host cell for survival. Despite the importance of Babesia in livestock industry and emerging cases in humans, their basic biology is hampered by lack of suitable biological tools. In this study, we aimed to develop a synchronization method for Babesia bovis which causes the most pathogenic form of bovine babesiosis. Initially, we used compound 2 (C2), a specific inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), and a derivative of C2, ML10. While both inhibitors were able to prevent B. bovis egress from RBC and increased percentage of binary forms, removal of inhibitors from culture did not result in a synchronized egress of parasites. Because using PKG inhibitors alone was not efficient to induce a synchronized culture, we isolated viable and invasive B. bovis merozoites and showed dynamics of merozoite invasion and development in RBCs. Using isolated merozoites we showed that BbVEAP, VESA1-export associated protein, is essential for parasite development in the RBC while has no significant role in invasion. Given the importance of invasion for the establishment of infection, this study paves the way for finding novel antigens to be used in control strategies against bovine babesiosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T02:02:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22a65491a419438fa01a3f5195c2f9d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T02:02:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-22a65491a419438fa01a3f5195c2f9d12022-12-21T18:03:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-08-011111810.1038/s41598-021-96365-wIsolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasionHassan Hakimi0Masahito Asada1Takahiro Ishizaki2Shinichiro Kawazu3National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineNational Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki UniversityNational Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineAbstract Babesia parasite invades exclusively red blood cell (RBC) in mammalian host and induces alterations to host cell for survival. Despite the importance of Babesia in livestock industry and emerging cases in humans, their basic biology is hampered by lack of suitable biological tools. In this study, we aimed to develop a synchronization method for Babesia bovis which causes the most pathogenic form of bovine babesiosis. Initially, we used compound 2 (C2), a specific inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), and a derivative of C2, ML10. While both inhibitors were able to prevent B. bovis egress from RBC and increased percentage of binary forms, removal of inhibitors from culture did not result in a synchronized egress of parasites. Because using PKG inhibitors alone was not efficient to induce a synchronized culture, we isolated viable and invasive B. bovis merozoites and showed dynamics of merozoite invasion and development in RBCs. Using isolated merozoites we showed that BbVEAP, VESA1-export associated protein, is essential for parasite development in the RBC while has no significant role in invasion. Given the importance of invasion for the establishment of infection, this study paves the way for finding novel antigens to be used in control strategies against bovine babesiosis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96365-w |
| spellingShingle | Hassan Hakimi Masahito Asada Takahiro Ishizaki Shinichiro Kawazu Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion Scientific Reports |
| title | Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion |
| title_full | Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion |
| title_fullStr | Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion |
| title_short | Isolation of viable Babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion |
| title_sort | isolation of viable babesia bovis merozoites to study parasite invasion |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96365-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hassanhakimi isolationofviablebabesiabovismerozoitestostudyparasiteinvasion AT masahitoasada isolationofviablebabesiabovismerozoitestostudyparasiteinvasion AT takahiroishizaki isolationofviablebabesiabovismerozoitestostudyparasiteinvasion AT shinichirokawazu isolationofviablebabesiabovismerozoitestostudyparasiteinvasion |