Visual Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 2.2% of children. Both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for ASD. Visual comorbidities a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/4/606 |
| _version_ | 1797605908765736960 |
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| author | Margaret Reynolds Susan M. Culican |
| author_facet | Margaret Reynolds Susan M. Culican |
| author_sort | Margaret Reynolds |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 2.2% of children. Both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for ASD. Visual comorbidities are relatively common among children with ASD. Between 20 and 44% of ASD children have visually significant refractive error, on-third have strabismus, and one-fifth have amblyopia. In addition, ASD is 30 times more common in children with congenital blindness. It is unknown whether the association of ASD with visual morbidity is causal, comorbid, or contributing. Structural and functional abnormalities have been identified in MRIs of ASD children, and ASD children have been noted to have aberrant eye tracking. ASD children with visually significant refractive errors and poor spectacle compliance (present in 30% of ASD children) offer the opportunity for investigation into how improved visual acuity influences ASD behaviors. In this review, we focus on what is known of the visual system, refractive surgery, and ASD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:07:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22a7e2e995484ecc891f8861d9bbc2c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:07:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-22a7e2e995484ecc891f8861d9bbc2c22023-11-17T18:45:07ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672023-03-0110460610.3390/children10040606Visual AutismMargaret Reynolds0Susan M. Culican1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University Saint Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 2.2% of children. Both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for ASD. Visual comorbidities are relatively common among children with ASD. Between 20 and 44% of ASD children have visually significant refractive error, on-third have strabismus, and one-fifth have amblyopia. In addition, ASD is 30 times more common in children with congenital blindness. It is unknown whether the association of ASD with visual morbidity is causal, comorbid, or contributing. Structural and functional abnormalities have been identified in MRIs of ASD children, and ASD children have been noted to have aberrant eye tracking. ASD children with visually significant refractive errors and poor spectacle compliance (present in 30% of ASD children) offer the opportunity for investigation into how improved visual acuity influences ASD behaviors. In this review, we focus on what is known of the visual system, refractive surgery, and ASD.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/4/606blindismvisual autismcongenital blindnessautism spectrum disorder |
| spellingShingle | Margaret Reynolds Susan M. Culican Visual Autism Children blindism visual autism congenital blindness autism spectrum disorder |
| title | Visual Autism |
| title_full | Visual Autism |
| title_fullStr | Visual Autism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visual Autism |
| title_short | Visual Autism |
| title_sort | visual autism |
| topic | blindism visual autism congenital blindness autism spectrum disorder |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/4/606 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT margaretreynolds visualautism AT susanmculican visualautism |