Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8
The cool skin effect refers to the phenomenon where the surface skin temperature of the ocean is always slightly cooler than the temperature of the water directly underneath due to the ubiquitous cooling processes at the ocean surface, especially in the absence of solar radiation. The cool skin effe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4408 |
| _version_ | 1797577287334363136 |
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| author | Yueqi Zhang Zhaohui Chen |
| author_facet | Yueqi Zhang Zhaohui Chen |
| author_sort | Yueqi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cool skin effect refers to the phenomenon where the surface skin temperature of the ocean is always slightly cooler than the temperature of the water directly underneath due to the ubiquitous cooling processes at the ocean surface, especially in the absence of solar radiation. The cool skin effect plays a critical role in the estimation of heat, momentum, and gas exchange between the air and the sea. However, the scarcity of observational data greatly hinders the accurate assessment of the cool skin effect. Here, the matchup data from the new generation geostationary satellite Himawari-8 and in situ sea surface temperature (SST) observations are used to evaluate the performance and dependence on the cool skin effect in the low/mid-latitude oceans. Results show that the intensity of the cool skin effect as revealed by Himawari-8 (−0.16 K) is found to be relatively weaker than previously published cool skin models based on in situ concurrent observations. A considerable amount of warm skin signals has been detected in the high-latitude oceans (e.g., Southern Ocean) under the circumstances of positive air–sea temperature difference and high wind, which may be the main cause of discrepancies with previous thoughts on the cool skin effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:06:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22a9c7b119ab4a27973e72d2a7d92709 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:06:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-22a9c7b119ab4a27973e72d2a7d927092023-11-19T12:47:16ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-09-011518440810.3390/rs15184408Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8Yueqi Zhang0Zhaohui Chen1Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaPhysical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaThe cool skin effect refers to the phenomenon where the surface skin temperature of the ocean is always slightly cooler than the temperature of the water directly underneath due to the ubiquitous cooling processes at the ocean surface, especially in the absence of solar radiation. The cool skin effect plays a critical role in the estimation of heat, momentum, and gas exchange between the air and the sea. However, the scarcity of observational data greatly hinders the accurate assessment of the cool skin effect. Here, the matchup data from the new generation geostationary satellite Himawari-8 and in situ sea surface temperature (SST) observations are used to evaluate the performance and dependence on the cool skin effect in the low/mid-latitude oceans. Results show that the intensity of the cool skin effect as revealed by Himawari-8 (−0.16 K) is found to be relatively weaker than previously published cool skin models based on in situ concurrent observations. A considerable amount of warm skin signals has been detected in the high-latitude oceans (e.g., Southern Ocean) under the circumstances of positive air–sea temperature difference and high wind, which may be the main cause of discrepancies with previous thoughts on the cool skin effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4408cool skin effectgeostationary satellitecarbon dioxide fluxair–sea interaction |
| spellingShingle | Yueqi Zhang Zhaohui Chen Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8 Remote Sensing cool skin effect geostationary satellite carbon dioxide flux air–sea interaction |
| title | Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8 |
| title_full | Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8 |
| title_fullStr | Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8 |
| title_short | Cool Skin Effect as Seen from a New Generation Geostationary Satellite Himawari-8 |
| title_sort | cool skin effect as seen from a new generation geostationary satellite himawari 8 |
| topic | cool skin effect geostationary satellite carbon dioxide flux air–sea interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4408 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yueqizhang coolskineffectasseenfromanewgenerationgeostationarysatellitehimawari8 AT zhaohuichen coolskineffectasseenfromanewgenerationgeostationarysatellitehimawari8 |