The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are used to screen cows for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) infections, informing Johne’s disease (JD) management practices in dairy herds. The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), <i&g...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1224 |
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| author | Nicole Bridges Steven van Winden |
| author_facet | Nicole Bridges Steven van Winden |
| author_sort | Nicole Bridges |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are used to screen cows for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) infections, informing Johne’s disease (JD) management practices in dairy herds. The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, and MAP share multiple antigens. Moreover, <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>avium</i> is used in the single intradermal cervical comparative tests (SICCT) that are routinely used in early detection of cows infected with bTB. Although these are different types of immune responses, potentially the SICCT may interfere with the levels of MAP antibodies. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the SICCT-MAP milk ELISA testing interval and apparent prevalence of JD risk statuses. Data from 51 herds were used, totalling 46,738 cow observations. The Poisson models showed that MAP milk ELISA testing at 14 day intervals post-SICCT statistically significantly increased the odds of detecting JD-positive cows compared to JD testing 85+ days post-SICCT. The odds ratio (OR) started at 2.5 in the first 14 day interval post-SICCT, increasing each two-week period to an OR of 4.0 at 57–70 days, to subsequently drop. Additionally, a herd history of bTB increased the odds of detecting JD-positive cows (OR = 1.2); this was relatively limited compared to the magnitude of the post-SICCT effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:01:36Z |
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| id | doaj.art-22aa0e5660754432baff3c2d586e6d5f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:01:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-22aa0e5660754432baff3c2d586e6d5f2023-11-21T16:53:27ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-04-01115122410.3390/ani11051224The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine TuberculosisNicole Bridges0Steven van Winden1Farm Animal Health and Production Group, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKFarm Animal Health and Production Group, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are used to screen cows for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) infections, informing Johne’s disease (JD) management practices in dairy herds. The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, and MAP share multiple antigens. Moreover, <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>avium</i> is used in the single intradermal cervical comparative tests (SICCT) that are routinely used in early detection of cows infected with bTB. Although these are different types of immune responses, potentially the SICCT may interfere with the levels of MAP antibodies. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the SICCT-MAP milk ELISA testing interval and apparent prevalence of JD risk statuses. Data from 51 herds were used, totalling 46,738 cow observations. The Poisson models showed that MAP milk ELISA testing at 14 day intervals post-SICCT statistically significantly increased the odds of detecting JD-positive cows compared to JD testing 85+ days post-SICCT. The odds ratio (OR) started at 2.5 in the first 14 day interval post-SICCT, increasing each two-week period to an OR of 4.0 at 57–70 days, to subsequently drop. Additionally, a herd history of bTB increased the odds of detecting JD-positive cows (OR = 1.2); this was relatively limited compared to the magnitude of the post-SICCT effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1224Johne’s diseaseparatuberculosismilk ELISAbovine tuberculosis testdairy cattle |
| spellingShingle | Nicole Bridges Steven van Winden The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis Animals Johne’s disease paratuberculosis milk ELISA bovine tuberculosis test dairy cattle |
| title | The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis |
| title_full | The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis |
| title_short | The Occurrence of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> Positive Milk Antibody ELISA Results in Dairy Cattle under Varying Time Periods after Skin Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis |
| title_sort | occurrence of i mycobacterium avium i subspecies i paratuberculosis i positive milk antibody elisa results in dairy cattle under varying time periods after skin testing for bovine tuberculosis |
| topic | Johne’s disease paratuberculosis milk ELISA bovine tuberculosis test dairy cattle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1224 |
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