Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox Mediators
The solar cell has been considered one of the safest modes for electricity generation. In a dye-sensitized solar cell, a commonly used iodide/triiodide redox mediator inhibits back-electron transfer reactions, regenerates dyes, and reduces triiodide into iodide. The use of iodide/triiodide redox, ho...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/9/1870 |
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| author | Ravindra Kumar Gupta Hamid Shaikh Ahamad Imran Idriss Bedja Abrar Fahad Ajaj Abdullah Saleh Aldwayyan |
| author_facet | Ravindra Kumar Gupta Hamid Shaikh Ahamad Imran Idriss Bedja Abrar Fahad Ajaj Abdullah Saleh Aldwayyan |
| author_sort | Ravindra Kumar Gupta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The solar cell has been considered one of the safest modes for electricity generation. In a dye-sensitized solar cell, a commonly used iodide/triiodide redox mediator inhibits back-electron transfer reactions, regenerates dyes, and reduces triiodide into iodide. The use of iodide/triiodide redox, however, imposes several problems and hence needs to be replaced by alternative redox. This paper reports the first Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> solid redox mediators, prepared using [(1−<i>x</i>)succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO] as a matrix and LiTFSI, Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>, and Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> as sources of ions. The electrolytes are referred to as SN_E (<i>x</i> = 0), Blend 1_E (<i>x</i> = 0.5 with the ethereal oxygen of the PEO-to-lithium ion molar ratio (EO/Li<sup>+</sup>) of 113), Blend 2_E (<i>x</i> = 0.5; EO/Li<sup>+</sup> = 226), and PEO_E (<i>x</i> = 1; EO/Li<sup>+</sup> = 226), which achieved electrical conductivity of 2.1 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, 4.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, 7.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, and 9.7 × 10<sup>−7</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>, respectively at 25 °C. Only the blend-based polymer electrolytes exhibited the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher-type behavior (vitreous nature) with a required low pseudo-activation energy (0.05 eV), thermal stability up to 125 °C, and transparency in UV-A, visible, and near-infrared regions. FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated the interaction between salt and matrix in the following order: SN_E < Blend 2_E < Blend 1_E << PEO_E. The results were compared with those of acetonitrile-based liquid electrolyte, ACN_E. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:45:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22b4f41a7b604f9b9974e3e64a1fd756 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:45:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-22b4f41a7b604f9b9974e3e64a1fd7562023-11-23T09:07:28ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-05-01149187010.3390/polym14091870Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox MediatorsRavindra Kumar Gupta0Hamid Shaikh1Ahamad Imran2Idriss Bedja3Abrar Fahad Ajaj4Abdullah Saleh Aldwayyan5King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSABIC Polymer Research Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe solar cell has been considered one of the safest modes for electricity generation. In a dye-sensitized solar cell, a commonly used iodide/triiodide redox mediator inhibits back-electron transfer reactions, regenerates dyes, and reduces triiodide into iodide. The use of iodide/triiodide redox, however, imposes several problems and hence needs to be replaced by alternative redox. This paper reports the first Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> solid redox mediators, prepared using [(1−<i>x</i>)succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO] as a matrix and LiTFSI, Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>, and Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> as sources of ions. The electrolytes are referred to as SN_E (<i>x</i> = 0), Blend 1_E (<i>x</i> = 0.5 with the ethereal oxygen of the PEO-to-lithium ion molar ratio (EO/Li<sup>+</sup>) of 113), Blend 2_E (<i>x</i> = 0.5; EO/Li<sup>+</sup> = 226), and PEO_E (<i>x</i> = 1; EO/Li<sup>+</sup> = 226), which achieved electrical conductivity of 2.1 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, 4.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, 7.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, and 9.7 × 10<sup>−7</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup>, respectively at 25 °C. Only the blend-based polymer electrolytes exhibited the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher-type behavior (vitreous nature) with a required low pseudo-activation energy (0.05 eV), thermal stability up to 125 °C, and transparency in UV-A, visible, and near-infrared regions. FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated the interaction between salt and matrix in the following order: SN_E < Blend 2_E < Blend 1_E << PEO_E. The results were compared with those of acetonitrile-based liquid electrolyte, ACN_E.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/9/1870dye-sensitized solar cellsredox mediatorsolid polymer electrolytessuccinonitrileelectrical conductivity |
| spellingShingle | Ravindra Kumar Gupta Hamid Shaikh Ahamad Imran Idriss Bedja Abrar Fahad Ajaj Abdullah Saleh Aldwayyan Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox Mediators Polymers dye-sensitized solar cells redox mediator solid polymer electrolytes succinonitrile electrical conductivity |
| title | Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox Mediators |
| title_full | Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox Mediators |
| title_fullStr | Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox Mediators |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox Mediators |
| title_short | Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1−<i>x</i>)Succinonitrile: <i>x</i>PEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>-Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub>(TFSI)<sub>3</sub> Solid Redox Mediators |
| title_sort | electrical transport structural optical and thermal properties of 1 i x i succinonitrile i x i peo litfsi co bpy sub 3 sub tfsi sub 2 sub co bpy sub 3 sub tfsi sub 3 sub solid redox mediators |
| topic | dye-sensitized solar cells redox mediator solid polymer electrolytes succinonitrile electrical conductivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/9/1870 |
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