The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil
In nature, fungal endophytes often have facultative endohyphal bacteria (FEB). Can a model plant pathogenic fungus have them, and does it affect their phenotype? We constructed a growth system/microcosm to allow an <i>F. graminearum</i> isolate to grow through natural soil and then re-is...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| author | Hina Ali Mengtian Pei Hongchen Li Wenqin Fang Hongkun Mao Hamid Ali Khan Tariq Nadeem Guodong Lu Stefan Olsson |
| author_facet | Hina Ali Mengtian Pei Hongchen Li Wenqin Fang Hongkun Mao Hamid Ali Khan Tariq Nadeem Guodong Lu Stefan Olsson |
| author_sort | Hina Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In nature, fungal endophytes often have facultative endohyphal bacteria (FEB). Can a model plant pathogenic fungus have them, and does it affect their phenotype? We constructed a growth system/microcosm to allow an <i>F. graminearum</i> isolate to grow through natural soil and then re-isolated it on a gentamicin-containing medium, allowing endohyphal growth of bacteria while killing other bacteria. <i>F. graminearum</i> PH-1 labelled with a <i>His1mCherry</i> gene staining the fungal nuclei fluorescent red was used to confirm the re-isolation of the fungus. Most new re-isolates contained about 10 <i>16SrRNA</i> genes per fungal <i>mCherry</i> gene determined by qPCR. The <i>F. graminearum</i> + FEB holobiont isolates containing the bacteria were sub-cultured several times, and their bacterial contents were stable. Sequencing the bacterial <i>16SrRNA</i> gene from several Fg-FEB holobiont isolates revealed endophytic bacteria known to be capable of nitrogen fixation. We tested the pathogenicity of one common Fg-FEB holobiont association, <i>F. graminearum</i> + <i>Stenatrophomonas maltophilia</i>, and found increased pathogenicity. The <i>16SrRNA</i> gene load per fungal <i>His1mCherry</i> gene inside the wheat stayed the same as previously found in vitro. Finally, strong evidence was found for Fg-<i>S. maltophilia</i> symbiotic nitrogen fixation benefitting the fungus. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:53:33Z |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-22b6d5992dd144e6b55545f71df1ece62023-11-23T20:00:57ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-09-011119300410.3390/cells11193004The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from SoilHina Ali0Mengtian Pei1Hongchen Li2Wenqin Fang3Hongkun Mao4Hamid Ali Khan5Tariq Nadeem6Guodong Lu7Stefan Olsson8State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, ChinaOffice of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Bacha khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24420, PakistanNational Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, Lahore 53700, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350000, ChinaIn nature, fungal endophytes often have facultative endohyphal bacteria (FEB). Can a model plant pathogenic fungus have them, and does it affect their phenotype? We constructed a growth system/microcosm to allow an <i>F. graminearum</i> isolate to grow through natural soil and then re-isolated it on a gentamicin-containing medium, allowing endohyphal growth of bacteria while killing other bacteria. <i>F. graminearum</i> PH-1 labelled with a <i>His1mCherry</i> gene staining the fungal nuclei fluorescent red was used to confirm the re-isolation of the fungus. Most new re-isolates contained about 10 <i>16SrRNA</i> genes per fungal <i>mCherry</i> gene determined by qPCR. The <i>F. graminearum</i> + FEB holobiont isolates containing the bacteria were sub-cultured several times, and their bacterial contents were stable. Sequencing the bacterial <i>16SrRNA</i> gene from several Fg-FEB holobiont isolates revealed endophytic bacteria known to be capable of nitrogen fixation. We tested the pathogenicity of one common Fg-FEB holobiont association, <i>F. graminearum</i> + <i>Stenatrophomonas maltophilia</i>, and found increased pathogenicity. The <i>16SrRNA</i> gene load per fungal <i>His1mCherry</i> gene inside the wheat stayed the same as previously found in vitro. Finally, strong evidence was found for Fg-<i>S. maltophilia</i> symbiotic nitrogen fixation benefitting the fungus.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/19/3004facultative endohyphal bacteriafungal–bacterial interactionsymbiotic nitrogen fixationnew enrichment and isolation techniquegentamicin |
| spellingShingle | Hina Ali Mengtian Pei Hongchen Li Wenqin Fang Hongkun Mao Hamid Ali Khan Tariq Nadeem Guodong Lu Stefan Olsson The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil Cells facultative endohyphal bacteria fungal–bacterial interaction symbiotic nitrogen fixation new enrichment and isolation technique gentamicin |
| title | The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil |
| title_full | The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil |
| title_fullStr | The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil |
| title_short | The Wheat Head Blight Pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Can Recruit Collaborating Bacteria from Soil |
| title_sort | wheat head blight pathogen i fusarium graminearum i can recruit collaborating bacteria from soil |
| topic | facultative endohyphal bacteria fungal–bacterial interaction symbiotic nitrogen fixation new enrichment and isolation technique gentamicin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/19/3004 |
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