Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer
Cancer is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. There is dire need of modern strategies—such as surface modification of nanocarriers—to combat this global illness. Incorporation of active targeting ligands has arisen as a novel platform for specific tumor targeting. The aim of the current st...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/12/2403 |
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| author | Ikhlaque Ahmad Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan Abbas Rahdar Saddam Hussain Fahad Khan Tareen Muhammad Waqas Salim Narges Ajalli Muhammad Imran Amirzada Ahmad Khan |
| author_facet | Ikhlaque Ahmad Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan Abbas Rahdar Saddam Hussain Fahad Khan Tareen Muhammad Waqas Salim Narges Ajalli Muhammad Imran Amirzada Ahmad Khan |
| author_sort | Ikhlaque Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancer is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. There is dire need of modern strategies—such as surface modification of nanocarriers—to combat this global illness. Incorporation of active targeting ligands has arisen as a novel platform for specific tumor targeting. The aim of the current study was to formulate PEG-protamine complex (PPC) of doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment of breast cancer (BC). DOX coupling with PEG can enhance cell-penetrating ability: combating resistance in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. Ionic gelation method was adopted to fabricate a pH sensitive nanocomplex. The optimized nanoformulation was characterized for its particle diameter, zeta potential, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, crystallinity, and molecular interaction. In vitro assay was executed to gauge the release potential of nanoformulation. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoparticles were observed to be 212 nm, 15.2 mV, and 0.264, respectively. Crystallinity studies and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed no molecular interaction and confirmed the amorphous nature of drug within nanoparticles. The in vitro release data indicate sustained drug release at pH 4.8, which is intracellular pH of breast cancer cells, as compared to the drug solution. PPC loaded with doxorubicin can be utilized as an alternative and effective approach for specific targeting of breast cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:41:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22d5a8be1f794a5cb9ddbc22f2a5e359 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:41:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-22d5a8be1f794a5cb9ddbc22f2a5e3592023-11-23T18:37:20ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-06-011412240310.3390/polym14122403Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast CancerIkhlaque Ahmad0Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan1Abbas Rahdar2Saddam Hussain3Fahad Khan Tareen4Muhammad Waqas Salim5Narges Ajalli6Muhammad Imran Amirzada7Ahmad Khan8Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, IranDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanFaculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad Expressway, Kahuta Road, Zone-V, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 98613-35859, IranDepartment of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22010, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanCancer is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. There is dire need of modern strategies—such as surface modification of nanocarriers—to combat this global illness. Incorporation of active targeting ligands has arisen as a novel platform for specific tumor targeting. The aim of the current study was to formulate PEG-protamine complex (PPC) of doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment of breast cancer (BC). DOX coupling with PEG can enhance cell-penetrating ability: combating resistance in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. Ionic gelation method was adopted to fabricate a pH sensitive nanocomplex. The optimized nanoformulation was characterized for its particle diameter, zeta potential, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, crystallinity, and molecular interaction. In vitro assay was executed to gauge the release potential of nanoformulation. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoparticles were observed to be 212 nm, 15.2 mV, and 0.264, respectively. Crystallinity studies and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed no molecular interaction and confirmed the amorphous nature of drug within nanoparticles. The in vitro release data indicate sustained drug release at pH 4.8, which is intracellular pH of breast cancer cells, as compared to the drug solution. PPC loaded with doxorubicin can be utilized as an alternative and effective approach for specific targeting of breast cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/12/2403breast cancernanoparticlesdoxorubicinPEG-protamine complex |
| spellingShingle | Ikhlaque Ahmad Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan Abbas Rahdar Saddam Hussain Fahad Khan Tareen Muhammad Waqas Salim Narges Ajalli Muhammad Imran Amirzada Ahmad Khan Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer Polymers breast cancer nanoparticles doxorubicin PEG-protamine complex |
| title | Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer |
| title_full | Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer |
| title_short | Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer |
| title_sort | design and evaluation of ph sensitive peg protamine nanocomplex of doxorubicin for treatment of breast cancer |
| topic | breast cancer nanoparticles doxorubicin PEG-protamine complex |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/12/2403 |
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