Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea
We evaluated the levels of heavy metals and arsenic (As) species in 11 different types of seaweed collected from major coastal cities in Korea. The concentration ranges of heavy metals in the seaweed were as follows: cadmium (0.023–0.232 mg/kg fresh weight [fw]), and lead (0.025–0.222 mg/kg fw), wit...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| author | Ka Jeong Lee Eun Hye Kang Minchul Yoon Mi Ra Jo Hongsik Yu Kwang Tae Son Sang Hyeon Jeong Ji Hoe Kim |
| author_facet | Ka Jeong Lee Eun Hye Kang Minchul Yoon Mi Ra Jo Hongsik Yu Kwang Tae Son Sang Hyeon Jeong Ji Hoe Kim |
| author_sort | Ka Jeong Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We evaluated the levels of heavy metals and arsenic (As) species in 11 different types of seaweed collected from major coastal cities in Korea. The concentration ranges of heavy metals in the seaweed were as follows: cadmium (0.023–0.232 mg/kg fresh weight [fw]), and lead (0.025–0.222 mg/kg fw), with most meeting international regulations for edible seaweeds. The amount of total As, however, was high, ranging from 1.020 to 20.525 mg/kg fw. Especially in the case of Sargassum seaweed, the fraction of inorganic As, including arsenate (As [V]) and arsenate (As [III]), which have potent toxicity, ranged from 5.198 to 16.867 mg/kg fw, while other seaweeds, such as <i>Pyropia</i> sp., <i>Enteromorpha</i> sp., <i>Undaria</i> sp., and <i>Saccharina</i> sp., predominantly contained a non-toxic organic As (i.d. arsenosugars). Multivariate analysis revealed that the Sargassum genus group had high levels of inorganic As. Sargassum seaweeds had a high fraction of inorganic As, but most of them are considered inedible seaweeds. Of these, <i>Sargassum fusiforme</i> (hijiki) is widely recognized as an edible seaweed, but the average daily intake is quite low based on statistical data from Asian countries and <i>S. fusiforme</i> is considered a safe food when eaten at the recommended daily intake. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:45:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22d64808b8aa436ea9ede66040a969c6 |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:45:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-22d64808b8aa436ea9ede66040a969c62023-12-03T14:35:45ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-07-011214700010.3390/app12147000Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in KoreaKa Jeong Lee0Eun Hye Kang1Minchul Yoon2Mi Ra Jo3Hongsik Yu4Kwang Tae Son5Sang Hyeon Jeong6Ji Hoe Kim7Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, KoreaFood Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, KoreaSoutheast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, KoreaFood Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, KoreaFood Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, KoreaFood Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, KoreaR&D Planning and Coordination Department, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, KoreaR&D Planning and Coordination Department, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, KoreaWe evaluated the levels of heavy metals and arsenic (As) species in 11 different types of seaweed collected from major coastal cities in Korea. The concentration ranges of heavy metals in the seaweed were as follows: cadmium (0.023–0.232 mg/kg fresh weight [fw]), and lead (0.025–0.222 mg/kg fw), with most meeting international regulations for edible seaweeds. The amount of total As, however, was high, ranging from 1.020 to 20.525 mg/kg fw. Especially in the case of Sargassum seaweed, the fraction of inorganic As, including arsenate (As [V]) and arsenate (As [III]), which have potent toxicity, ranged from 5.198 to 16.867 mg/kg fw, while other seaweeds, such as <i>Pyropia</i> sp., <i>Enteromorpha</i> sp., <i>Undaria</i> sp., and <i>Saccharina</i> sp., predominantly contained a non-toxic organic As (i.d. arsenosugars). Multivariate analysis revealed that the Sargassum genus group had high levels of inorganic As. Sargassum seaweeds had a high fraction of inorganic As, but most of them are considered inedible seaweeds. Of these, <i>Sargassum fusiforme</i> (hijiki) is widely recognized as an edible seaweed, but the average daily intake is quite low based on statistical data from Asian countries and <i>S. fusiforme</i> is considered a safe food when eaten at the recommended daily intake.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/7000seaweedheavy metalarsenicinorganic arsenicrisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Ka Jeong Lee Eun Hye Kang Minchul Yoon Mi Ra Jo Hongsik Yu Kwang Tae Son Sang Hyeon Jeong Ji Hoe Kim Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea Applied Sciences seaweed heavy metal arsenic inorganic arsenic risk assessment |
| title | Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea |
| title_full | Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea |
| title_short | Comparison of Heavy Metals and Arsenic Species in Seaweeds Collected from Different Regions in Korea |
| title_sort | comparison of heavy metals and arsenic species in seaweeds collected from different regions in korea |
| topic | seaweed heavy metal arsenic inorganic arsenic risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/7000 |
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