Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale Framework
The Caribbean basin is a geographical area with a high prevalence of asthma due to mineral dust. As such, it is crucial to analyze the dynamic behavior of particulate pollutants in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between particulate matter with aerodynamic dia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/3/468 |
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| author | Thomas Plocoste Adarsh Sankaran Lovely Euphrasie-Clotilde |
| author_facet | Thomas Plocoste Adarsh Sankaran Lovely Euphrasie-Clotilde |
| author_sort | Thomas Plocoste |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Caribbean basin is a geographical area with a high prevalence of asthma due to mineral dust. As such, it is crucial to analyze the dynamic behavior of particulate pollutants in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 and 10 μm (<i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10) using Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT)-based approaches, including the time-dependent intrinsic correlation (TDIC) and time-dependent intrinsic cross-correlation (TDICC) frames. The study utilized datasets from Puerto Rico from between 2007 and 2010 to demonstrate the relationships between two primary particulate matter concentration datasets of air pollution across multiple time scales. The method first decomposes both time series using improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) to obtain the periodic scales. The Hilbert spectral analysis identified two dominant peaks at a weekly scale for both <i>PM</i> types. High amplitude contributions were sustained for long and continuous time periods at seasonal to intra-seasonal scales, with similar trends in spectral amplitude observed for both types of <i>PM</i> except for monthly and intra-seasonal scales of six months. The TDIC method was used to analyze the resulting modes with similar periodic scales, revealing the strongest and most stable correlation pattern at quarterly and annual cycles. Subsequently, lagged correlations at each time scale were analyzed using the TDICC method. For high-frequency <i>PM</i>10 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) less than a seasonal scale, the value of the IMF at a given time scale was found to be dependent on multiple antecedent values of <i>PM</i>2.5. However, from the quarterly scale onward, the correlation pattern of the <i>PM</i>2.5-<i>PM</i>10 relationship was stable, and IMFs of <i>PM</i>10 at these scales could be modeled by the lag 1 IMF of <i>PM</i>2.5. These results demonstrate that <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 concentrations are dynamically linked during the passage of African dust storms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22d71d2871c34b929bcab52508c631b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-22d71d2871c34b929bcab52508c631b92023-11-17T09:32:05ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-02-0114346810.3390/atmos14030468Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale FrameworkThomas Plocoste0Adarsh Sankaran1Lovely Euphrasie-Clotilde2Department of Research in Geoscience, KaruSphère SASU, F-97139 Abymes, FranceTKM College of Engineering Kollam, Kollam 691005, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Research in Geoscience, KaruSphère SASU, F-97139 Abymes, FranceThe Caribbean basin is a geographical area with a high prevalence of asthma due to mineral dust. As such, it is crucial to analyze the dynamic behavior of particulate pollutants in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 and 10 μm (<i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10) using Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT)-based approaches, including the time-dependent intrinsic correlation (TDIC) and time-dependent intrinsic cross-correlation (TDICC) frames. The study utilized datasets from Puerto Rico from between 2007 and 2010 to demonstrate the relationships between two primary particulate matter concentration datasets of air pollution across multiple time scales. The method first decomposes both time series using improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) to obtain the periodic scales. The Hilbert spectral analysis identified two dominant peaks at a weekly scale for both <i>PM</i> types. High amplitude contributions were sustained for long and continuous time periods at seasonal to intra-seasonal scales, with similar trends in spectral amplitude observed for both types of <i>PM</i> except for monthly and intra-seasonal scales of six months. The TDIC method was used to analyze the resulting modes with similar periodic scales, revealing the strongest and most stable correlation pattern at quarterly and annual cycles. Subsequently, lagged correlations at each time scale were analyzed using the TDICC method. For high-frequency <i>PM</i>10 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) less than a seasonal scale, the value of the IMF at a given time scale was found to be dependent on multiple antecedent values of <i>PM</i>2.5. However, from the quarterly scale onward, the correlation pattern of the <i>PM</i>2.5-<i>PM</i>10 relationship was stable, and IMFs of <i>PM</i>10 at these scales could be modeled by the lag 1 IMF of <i>PM</i>2.5. These results demonstrate that <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 concentrations are dynamically linked during the passage of African dust storms.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/3/468<i>PM</i>2.5<i>PM</i>10multiscale analysistime-dependent intrinsic cross-correlationCaribbean area |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Plocoste Adarsh Sankaran Lovely Euphrasie-Clotilde Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale Framework Atmosphere <i>PM</i>2.5 <i>PM</i>10 multiscale analysis time-dependent intrinsic cross-correlation Caribbean area |
| title | Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale Framework |
| title_full | Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale Framework |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale Framework |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale Framework |
| title_short | Study of the Dynamical Relationships between <i>PM</i>2.5 and <i>PM</i>10 in the Caribbean Area Using a Multiscale Framework |
| title_sort | study of the dynamical relationships between i pm i 2 5 and i pm i 10 in the caribbean area using a multiscale framework |
| topic | <i>PM</i>2.5 <i>PM</i>10 multiscale analysis time-dependent intrinsic cross-correlation Caribbean area |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/3/468 |
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