Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon
Axonal injury and degeneration, whether primary or secondary, contribute to the morbidity and mortality seen in many acquired and inherited central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, neurodegenera...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2013-12-01
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| Series: | Neurobiology of Disease |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996113002313 |
| _version_ | 1818651580623224832 |
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| author | Marek Ma |
| author_facet | Marek Ma |
| author_sort | Marek Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Axonal injury and degeneration, whether primary or secondary, contribute to the morbidity and mortality seen in many acquired and inherited central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, and peripheral neuropathies. The calpain family of proteases has been mechanistically linked to the dysfunction and degeneration of axons. While the direct mechanisms by which transection, mechanical strain, ischemia, or complement activation trigger intra-axonal calpain activity are likely different, the downstream effects of unregulated calpain activity may be similar in seemingly disparate diseases. In this review, a brief examination of axonal structure is followed by a focused overview of the calpain family. Finally, the mechanisms by which calpains may disrupt the axonal cytoskeleton, transport, and specialized domains (axon initial segment, nodes, and terminals) are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T02:08:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22dba28404ae4573a06987883556c138 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1095-953X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T02:08:22Z |
| publishDate | 2013-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurobiology of Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-22dba28404ae4573a06987883556c1382022-12-21T22:07:38ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2013-12-01606179Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axonMarek Ma0Center for Resuscitation Science, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 1200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Resuscitation Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USAAxonal injury and degeneration, whether primary or secondary, contribute to the morbidity and mortality seen in many acquired and inherited central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, and peripheral neuropathies. The calpain family of proteases has been mechanistically linked to the dysfunction and degeneration of axons. While the direct mechanisms by which transection, mechanical strain, ischemia, or complement activation trigger intra-axonal calpain activity are likely different, the downstream effects of unregulated calpain activity may be similar in seemingly disparate diseases. In this review, a brief examination of axonal structure is followed by a focused overview of the calpain family. Finally, the mechanisms by which calpains may disrupt the axonal cytoskeleton, transport, and specialized domains (axon initial segment, nodes, and terminals) are discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996113002313AxonCalciumCalpainIschemiaNeurofilamentNode |
| spellingShingle | Marek Ma Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon Neurobiology of Disease Axon Calcium Calpain Ischemia Neurofilament Node |
| title | Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon |
| title_full | Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon |
| title_fullStr | Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon |
| title_short | Role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon |
| title_sort | role of calpains in the injury induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon |
| topic | Axon Calcium Calpain Ischemia Neurofilament Node |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996113002313 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marekma roleofcalpainsintheinjuryinduceddysfunctionanddegenerationofthemammalianaxon |