Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network
<p>Accurate precipitation data are essential for assessing the water balance of ecosystems. Methods for point precipitation determination are influenced by wind, precipitation type and intensity and/or technical issues. High-precision weighable lysimeters provide precipitation measurements at...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/3265/2023/hess-27-3265-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797688659308183552 |
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| author | T. Schnepper T. Schnepper T. Schnepper J. Groh J. Groh J. Groh H. H. Gerke B. Reichert T. Pütz |
| author_facet | T. Schnepper T. Schnepper T. Schnepper J. Groh J. Groh J. Groh H. H. Gerke B. Reichert T. Pütz |
| author_sort | T. Schnepper |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Accurate precipitation data are essential for assessing the water balance of ecosystems. Methods for point precipitation determination are influenced by wind, precipitation type and intensity and/or technical issues. High-precision weighable lysimeters provide precipitation measurements at ground level that are less affected by wind disturbances and are assumed to be relatively close to actual precipitation. The problem in previous studies was that the biases in precipitation data introduced by different precipitation measurement methods were not comprehensively compared with and quantified on the basis of those obtained by lysimeters in different regions in Germany.</p>
<p>The aim was to quantify measurement errors in standard precipitation gauges
as compared to the lysimeter reference and to analyze the effect of
precipitation correction algorithms on the gauge data quality. Both correction methods rely on empirical constants to account for known external influences on the measurements, following a generic and a site-specific approach. Reference precipitation data were obtained from high-precision weighable lysimeters of the TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories (TERENO)-SOILCan lysimeter network. Gauge types included tipping bucket gauges (TBs), weighable gauges (WGs), acoustic sensors (ASs) and optical laser disdrometers (LDs). From 2015-2018, data were collected at three locations in Germany, and 1 h aggregated values for precipitation above a threshold of 0.1 mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> were compared.</p>
<p>The results show that all investigated measurement methods underestimated
the precipitation amounts relative to the lysimeter references for long-term
precipitation totals with catch ratios (CRs) of between 33 %–92 %. Data from ASs had overall biases of <span class="inline-formula">−0.25</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.07</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while data from WGs and LDs showed the lowest measurement bias (<span class="inline-formula">−0.14</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.06</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">−0.01</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.02</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>). Two TBs showed systematic deviations with biases of <span class="inline-formula">−0.69</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.61</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while other TBs were in the previously reported range with biases of <span class="inline-formula">−0.2</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The site-specific and generic correction schemes reduced the hourly measurement bias by 0.13 and 0.08 mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> for the TBs and by 0.09 and 0.07 mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> for the WGs and increased long-term CRs by 14 % and 9 % and by 10 % and 11 %, respectively.</p>
<p>It could be shown that the lysimeter reference operated with minor uncertainties in long-term measurements under different site and weather
conditions. The results indicate that considerable precipitation measurement
errors can occur even at well-maintained and professionally operated stations equipped with standard precipitation gauges. This generally leads
to an underestimation of the actual precipitation amounts. The results
suggest that the application of relatively simple correction schemes, manual
or automated data quality checks, instrument calibrations, and/or an adequate
choice of observation period can help improve the data quality of
gauge-based measurements for water balance calculations, ecosystem modeling, water management, assessment of<span id="page3266"/> agricultural irrigation needs, or
radar-based precipitation analyses.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:34:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22e99ed398e944a98d8deefce9c032e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1027-5606 1607-7938 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:34:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-22e99ed398e944a98d8deefce9c032e02023-09-11T08:18:23ZengCopernicus PublicationsHydrology and Earth System Sciences1027-56061607-79382023-09-01273265329210.5194/hess-27-3265-2023Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter networkT. Schnepper0T. Schnepper1T. Schnepper2J. Groh3J. Groh4J. Groh5H. H. Gerke6B. Reichert7T. Pütz8Institute of Bio- and Geoscience IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, GermanyInstitute for Geosciences, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53113 Bonn, GermanyGFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, GermanyInstitute of Bio- and Geoscience IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, GermanyResearch Area 1 “Landscape Functioning”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation – Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53113 Bonn, GermanyResearch Area 1 “Landscape Functioning”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, GermanyInstitute for Geosciences, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53113 Bonn, GermanyInstitute of Bio- and Geoscience IBG-3: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany<p>Accurate precipitation data are essential for assessing the water balance of ecosystems. Methods for point precipitation determination are influenced by wind, precipitation type and intensity and/or technical issues. High-precision weighable lysimeters provide precipitation measurements at ground level that are less affected by wind disturbances and are assumed to be relatively close to actual precipitation. The problem in previous studies was that the biases in precipitation data introduced by different precipitation measurement methods were not comprehensively compared with and quantified on the basis of those obtained by lysimeters in different regions in Germany.</p> <p>The aim was to quantify measurement errors in standard precipitation gauges as compared to the lysimeter reference and to analyze the effect of precipitation correction algorithms on the gauge data quality. Both correction methods rely on empirical constants to account for known external influences on the measurements, following a generic and a site-specific approach. Reference precipitation data were obtained from high-precision weighable lysimeters of the TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories (TERENO)-SOILCan lysimeter network. Gauge types included tipping bucket gauges (TBs), weighable gauges (WGs), acoustic sensors (ASs) and optical laser disdrometers (LDs). From 2015-2018, data were collected at three locations in Germany, and 1 h aggregated values for precipitation above a threshold of 0.1 mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> were compared.</p> <p>The results show that all investigated measurement methods underestimated the precipitation amounts relative to the lysimeter references for long-term precipitation totals with catch ratios (CRs) of between 33 %–92 %. Data from ASs had overall biases of <span class="inline-formula">−0.25</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.07</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while data from WGs and LDs showed the lowest measurement bias (<span class="inline-formula">−0.14</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.06</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">−0.01</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.02</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>). Two TBs showed systematic deviations with biases of <span class="inline-formula">−0.69</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−0.61</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while other TBs were in the previously reported range with biases of <span class="inline-formula">−0.2</span> mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The site-specific and generic correction schemes reduced the hourly measurement bias by 0.13 and 0.08 mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> for the TBs and by 0.09 and 0.07 mm h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> for the WGs and increased long-term CRs by 14 % and 9 % and by 10 % and 11 %, respectively.</p> <p>It could be shown that the lysimeter reference operated with minor uncertainties in long-term measurements under different site and weather conditions. The results indicate that considerable precipitation measurement errors can occur even at well-maintained and professionally operated stations equipped with standard precipitation gauges. This generally leads to an underestimation of the actual precipitation amounts. The results suggest that the application of relatively simple correction schemes, manual or automated data quality checks, instrument calibrations, and/or an adequate choice of observation period can help improve the data quality of gauge-based measurements for water balance calculations, ecosystem modeling, water management, assessment of<span id="page3266"/> agricultural irrigation needs, or radar-based precipitation analyses.</p>https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/3265/2023/hess-27-3265-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | T. Schnepper T. Schnepper T. Schnepper J. Groh J. Groh J. Groh H. H. Gerke B. Reichert T. Pütz Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network |
| title_full | Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network |
| title_short | Evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network |
| title_sort | evaluation of precipitation measurement methods using data from a precision lysimeter network |
| url | https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/3265/2023/hess-27-3265-2023.pdf |
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