Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational study
Summary: Background: We constructed measures of an individual's gendered behaviour and their gendered environment to investigate the salience of gender norms during adolescence for social mobility during the next decade of life. Methods: In this nationally representative observational study, w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-10-01
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| Series: | The Lancet Planetary Health |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519619301913 |
| _version_ | 1819045179551645696 |
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| author | Benjamin W Domingue, PhD Beniamino Cislaghi, PhD Jason M Nagata, MD Holly B Shakya, PhD Ann M Weber Jason D Boardman, Prof Gary L Darmstadt, Prof Kathleen Mullan Harris, ProfPhD |
| author_facet | Benjamin W Domingue, PhD Beniamino Cislaghi, PhD Jason M Nagata, MD Holly B Shakya, PhD Ann M Weber Jason D Boardman, Prof Gary L Darmstadt, Prof Kathleen Mullan Harris, ProfPhD |
| author_sort | Benjamin W Domingue, PhD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: We constructed measures of an individual's gendered behaviour and their gendered environment to investigate the salience of gender norms during adolescence for social mobility during the next decade of life. Methods: In this nationally representative observational study, we collected individual-level data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), which enrolled a cohort of nationally representative school students aged 11–19 years from across the USA and followed them up for 14 years (ie, to age 25–33 years). We characterised gendered behaviour for adolescents in a performative sense via self-reports of behaviours and beliefs. We aggregated this individual-level measure to create a proxy measure of an individual's social context by taking averages for an individual's peers of the same sex and school year. Findings: Between Jan 5, 1994, and Dec 26, 1995, Add Health collected data on a cohort of 20 745 students. 14 540 respondents were followed-up 14 years later between April 3, 2007, and Feb 1, 2009, of whom 7722 (53·1%) were female. More masculine male respondents were downwardly mobile; they were enrolled in school for fewer years and were more likely to have lower status jobs than their less masculine same-sex school peers. More masculine male respondents were also more likely to have jobs in occupational categories with larger proportions of males than their same-sex school peers. Gendered behaviour was not predictive of future educational and occupational attainment for female respondents. Male adolescents in school years with more masculine same-sex peers than male adolescents in other school years also tended to have lower educational and occupational attainment than their male peers. Educational and occupational attainment in early midlife for female respondents was not affected by their gendered environment. Interpretation: Gender, when measured as a set of gender-distinct behaviours in adolescence, was associated with differential patterns of social mobility from adolescence to young adulthood. Moreover, variation in an individual's local gender norms has implications for subsequent socioeconomic attainment, especially for male adolescents. These findings have potential implications for observed health disparities. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:24:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-22f4430dcb5e4b6ea910c2c298e7de8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2542-5196 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:24:28Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Lancet Planetary Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-22f4430dcb5e4b6ea910c2c298e7de8f2022-12-21T19:07:21ZengElsevierThe Lancet Planetary Health2542-51962019-10-01310e420e428Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational studyBenjamin W Domingue, PhD0Beniamino Cislaghi, PhD1Jason M Nagata, MD2Holly B Shakya, PhD3Ann M Weber4Jason D Boardman, Prof5Gary L Darmstadt, Prof6Kathleen Mullan Harris, ProfPhD7Graduate School of Education and Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Correspondence to: Dr Benjamin W Domingue, Graduate School of Education and Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USADepartment of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UKDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USACenter on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USASchool of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USAInstitute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USACarolina Population Center and Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USASummary: Background: We constructed measures of an individual's gendered behaviour and their gendered environment to investigate the salience of gender norms during adolescence for social mobility during the next decade of life. Methods: In this nationally representative observational study, we collected individual-level data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), which enrolled a cohort of nationally representative school students aged 11–19 years from across the USA and followed them up for 14 years (ie, to age 25–33 years). We characterised gendered behaviour for adolescents in a performative sense via self-reports of behaviours and beliefs. We aggregated this individual-level measure to create a proxy measure of an individual's social context by taking averages for an individual's peers of the same sex and school year. Findings: Between Jan 5, 1994, and Dec 26, 1995, Add Health collected data on a cohort of 20 745 students. 14 540 respondents were followed-up 14 years later between April 3, 2007, and Feb 1, 2009, of whom 7722 (53·1%) were female. More masculine male respondents were downwardly mobile; they were enrolled in school for fewer years and were more likely to have lower status jobs than their less masculine same-sex school peers. More masculine male respondents were also more likely to have jobs in occupational categories with larger proportions of males than their same-sex school peers. Gendered behaviour was not predictive of future educational and occupational attainment for female respondents. Male adolescents in school years with more masculine same-sex peers than male adolescents in other school years also tended to have lower educational and occupational attainment than their male peers. Educational and occupational attainment in early midlife for female respondents was not affected by their gendered environment. Interpretation: Gender, when measured as a set of gender-distinct behaviours in adolescence, was associated with differential patterns of social mobility from adolescence to young adulthood. Moreover, variation in an individual's local gender norms has implications for subsequent socioeconomic attainment, especially for male adolescents. These findings have potential implications for observed health disparities. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519619301913 |
| spellingShingle | Benjamin W Domingue, PhD Beniamino Cislaghi, PhD Jason M Nagata, MD Holly B Shakya, PhD Ann M Weber Jason D Boardman, Prof Gary L Darmstadt, Prof Kathleen Mullan Harris, ProfPhD Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational study The Lancet Planetary Health |
| title | Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational study |
| title_full | Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational study |
| title_fullStr | Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational study |
| title_short | Implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the USA: a nationally representative observational study |
| title_sort | implications of gendered behaviour and contexts for social mobility in the usa a nationally representative observational study |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519619301913 |
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