Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections that facilitate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition by over two fold or more. The development of HSV-2 control methods as a meas...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2011-11-01
|
Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/11/325 |
_version_ | 1818664262101368832 |
---|---|
author | Biswas Dipankar Borkakoty Biswajyoti Mahanta Jagadish Walia Kamini Saikia Lahari Akoijam Brogen S Jampa Lobsang Kharkongar Alia Zomawia Eric |
author_facet | Biswas Dipankar Borkakoty Biswajyoti Mahanta Jagadish Walia Kamini Saikia Lahari Akoijam Brogen S Jampa Lobsang Kharkongar Alia Zomawia Eric |
author_sort | Biswas Dipankar |
collection | DOAJ |
description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections that facilitate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition by over two fold or more. The development of HSV-2 control methods as a measure to control HIV epidemic in high HSV-2/HIV areas has become a priority. Two out of the six high HIV prevalent states of India are located in the Northeastern region of India. Due to lack of documented HSV-2 studies from this part of the country; there was a need for estimating the seroprevalence and risk factors of HSV-2 infection in this defined population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pregnant women (n = 1640) aged18 years and above attending antenatal clinics of tertiary referral hospitals in five Northeastern states of India were screened for type specific HSV-2 IgG antibodies. Blood samples were collected from all the participants after conducting interviews. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection was 8.7% (142/1640; 95% CI 7.3-10.0) with a highest prevalence of 15.0% (46/307; 95% CI 11.0-19.0) in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Higher seroprevalence was observed with increasing age (Adj. Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.9 for 22-25 years old, AOR 2.29 for > 29 years old). The risk factors associated with HSV-2 seropositives were multiple sex partners (AOR 2.5, <it>p </it>= 0.04), condom non-user's (AOR 4.7, p <it><</it>0.001), early coitarchal age (age of first intercourse) 'less than 18 years' (AOR 9.6, <it>p = </it>0.04), middle income group (AOR 2.1, <it>p = </it>0.001) compared to low income group and low level of education (AOR 3.7, <it>p = </it>0.02) compared to higher education. HSV-2 seropositivity was higher among Christians (12.6%) compared to Muslims (3.8%). The most frequent clinical symptoms among HSV-2 seropositives were excess vaginal discharge in last one year (53.5%, 76/142) and pelvic pain (26.1%, 37/142). While among subjects with genital ulcers, HSV-2 seroprevalence was 36.8% (7/19).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Overall seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among pregnant women of Northeast India is relatively low. The generation of awareness among high risk groups may have played key role to limit the infection. The role of vaccination against HSV-2 in near future and elimination of HSV-2 viral shedding along with genital tract inflammation in high HIV/HSV-2 areas may be an option for initiating successful intervention strategies to reduce the transmission and acquisition of HIV infection in Northeast India.</p> |
first_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:29:56Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-22fe5f9029284c2a8cf693afd8492b50 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1471-2334 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:29:56Z |
publishDate | 2011-11-01 |
publisher | BMC |
record_format | Article |
series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
spelling | doaj.art-22fe5f9029284c2a8cf693afd8492b502022-12-21T22:01:45ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342011-11-0111132510.1186/1471-2334-11-325Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast IndiaBiswas DipankarBorkakoty BiswajyotiMahanta JagadishWalia KaminiSaikia LahariAkoijam Brogen SJampa LobsangKharkongar AliaZomawia Eric<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections that facilitate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition by over two fold or more. The development of HSV-2 control methods as a measure to control HIV epidemic in high HSV-2/HIV areas has become a priority. Two out of the six high HIV prevalent states of India are located in the Northeastern region of India. Due to lack of documented HSV-2 studies from this part of the country; there was a need for estimating the seroprevalence and risk factors of HSV-2 infection in this defined population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pregnant women (n = 1640) aged18 years and above attending antenatal clinics of tertiary referral hospitals in five Northeastern states of India were screened for type specific HSV-2 IgG antibodies. Blood samples were collected from all the participants after conducting interviews. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with HSV-2 seropositivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection was 8.7% (142/1640; 95% CI 7.3-10.0) with a highest prevalence of 15.0% (46/307; 95% CI 11.0-19.0) in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Higher seroprevalence was observed with increasing age (Adj. Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.9 for 22-25 years old, AOR 2.29 for > 29 years old). The risk factors associated with HSV-2 seropositives were multiple sex partners (AOR 2.5, <it>p </it>= 0.04), condom non-user's (AOR 4.7, p <it><</it>0.001), early coitarchal age (age of first intercourse) 'less than 18 years' (AOR 9.6, <it>p = </it>0.04), middle income group (AOR 2.1, <it>p = </it>0.001) compared to low income group and low level of education (AOR 3.7, <it>p = </it>0.02) compared to higher education. HSV-2 seropositivity was higher among Christians (12.6%) compared to Muslims (3.8%). The most frequent clinical symptoms among HSV-2 seropositives were excess vaginal discharge in last one year (53.5%, 76/142) and pelvic pain (26.1%, 37/142). While among subjects with genital ulcers, HSV-2 seroprevalence was 36.8% (7/19).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Overall seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among pregnant women of Northeast India is relatively low. The generation of awareness among high risk groups may have played key role to limit the infection. The role of vaccination against HSV-2 in near future and elimination of HSV-2 viral shedding along with genital tract inflammation in high HIV/HSV-2 areas may be an option for initiating successful intervention strategies to reduce the transmission and acquisition of HIV infection in Northeast India.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/11/325 |
spellingShingle | Biswas Dipankar Borkakoty Biswajyoti Mahanta Jagadish Walia Kamini Saikia Lahari Akoijam Brogen S Jampa Lobsang Kharkongar Alia Zomawia Eric Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India BMC Infectious Diseases |
title | Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India |
title_full | Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India |
title_fullStr | Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India |
title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India |
title_short | Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India |
title_sort | seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among pregnant women in northeast india |
url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/11/325 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT biswasdipankar seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT borkakotybiswajyoti seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT mahantajagadish seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT waliakamini seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT saikialahari seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT akoijambrogens seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT jampalobsang seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT kharkongaralia seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia AT zomawiaeric seroprevalenceandriskfactorsofherpessimplexvirustype2infectionamongpregnantwomeninnortheastindia |