Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>
Sporotrichosis is a subacute, or chronic mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation of material contaminated with the fungus <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> which is part of the <i>Sporothrix</i> spp. complex. The infection is limited to the skin, although its progression to more se...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/437 |
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| author | Araceli Paredes-Rojas Alejandro Palma-Ramos Laura Estela Castrillón-Rivera Felipe Mendoza-Pérez María del Carmen Navarro-González Roberto Arenas-Guzmán Jorge Ismael Castañeda-Sánchez Julieta Luna-Herrera |
| author_facet | Araceli Paredes-Rojas Alejandro Palma-Ramos Laura Estela Castrillón-Rivera Felipe Mendoza-Pérez María del Carmen Navarro-González Roberto Arenas-Guzmán Jorge Ismael Castañeda-Sánchez Julieta Luna-Herrera |
| author_sort | Araceli Paredes-Rojas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sporotrichosis is a subacute, or chronic mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation of material contaminated with the fungus <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> which is part of the <i>Sporothrix</i> spp. complex. The infection is limited to the skin, although its progression to more severe systemic or disseminated forms remains possible. Skin is the tissue that comes into contact with <i>Sporothrix</i> first, and the role of various cell lines has been described with regard to infection control. However, there is little information on the response of keratinocytes. In this study, we used the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and evaluated different aspects of infection from modifications in the cytoskeleton to the expression of molecules of the innate response during infection with conidia and yeast cells of <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>. We found that during infection with both phases of the fungus, alterations of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of membrane protuberances, and loss of stress fibers were induced. We also observed an overexpression of the surface receptors MR, TLR6, CR3 and TLR2. Cytokine analysis showed that both phases of the fungus induced the production of elevated levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8, and proinflammatory cytokines IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and IL-6. In contrast, TNF-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> production was significant only with conidial infection. In late post-infection, cytokine production was observed with immunoregulatory activity, IL-10, and growth factors, G-CSF and GM-CSF. In conclusion, infection of keratinocytes with conidia and yeast cells of <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> induces an inflammatory response and rearrangements of the cytoskeleton. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:37:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-230b9712a44b47f6bb7650af935b0d6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:37:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-230b9712a44b47f6bb7650af935b0d6e2023-11-23T11:41:04ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-04-018543710.3390/jof8050437Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>Araceli Paredes-Rojas0Alejandro Palma-Ramos1Laura Estela Castrillón-Rivera2Felipe Mendoza-Pérez3María del Carmen Navarro-González4Roberto Arenas-Guzmán5Jorge Ismael Castañeda-Sánchez6Julieta Luna-Herrera7Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, MexicoDepartamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, MexicoDepartamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, MexicoDepartamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Reumáticas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, MexicoSección de Micología, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Mexico City 14080, MexicoDepartamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, MexicoDepartamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, MexicoSporotrichosis is a subacute, or chronic mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation of material contaminated with the fungus <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> which is part of the <i>Sporothrix</i> spp. complex. The infection is limited to the skin, although its progression to more severe systemic or disseminated forms remains possible. Skin is the tissue that comes into contact with <i>Sporothrix</i> first, and the role of various cell lines has been described with regard to infection control. However, there is little information on the response of keratinocytes. In this study, we used the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and evaluated different aspects of infection from modifications in the cytoskeleton to the expression of molecules of the innate response during infection with conidia and yeast cells of <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>. We found that during infection with both phases of the fungus, alterations of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of membrane protuberances, and loss of stress fibers were induced. We also observed an overexpression of the surface receptors MR, TLR6, CR3 and TLR2. Cytokine analysis showed that both phases of the fungus induced the production of elevated levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8, and proinflammatory cytokines IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and IL-6. In contrast, TNF-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> production was significant only with conidial infection. In late post-infection, cytokine production was observed with immunoregulatory activity, IL-10, and growth factors, G-CSF and GM-CSF. In conclusion, infection of keratinocytes with conidia and yeast cells of <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> induces an inflammatory response and rearrangements of the cytoskeleton.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/437<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>Sporotrichosiskeratinocytesfungal infectioninnate immunityinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Araceli Paredes-Rojas Alejandro Palma-Ramos Laura Estela Castrillón-Rivera Felipe Mendoza-Pérez María del Carmen Navarro-González Roberto Arenas-Guzmán Jorge Ismael Castañeda-Sánchez Julieta Luna-Herrera Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> Journal of Fungi <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> Sporotrichosis keratinocytes fungal infection innate immunity inflammation |
| title | Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_full | Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_fullStr | Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_short | Keratinocyte Response to Infection with <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> |
| title_sort | keratinocyte response to infection with i sporothrix schenckii i |
| topic | <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> Sporotrichosis keratinocytes fungal infection innate immunity inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/5/437 |
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