Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain

Tetraploid maize attracts breeders because of its large kernel and cob sizes, high nutrient content, and higher yield of herbage mass than diploid maize. Hence, it is important to study its biochemical composition and nutritional value in order to develop original source material for breeding. Acces...

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Main Authors: E. B. Khatefov, V. I. Horeva, Yu. A. Kerv, T. V. Shelenga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources 2019-03-01
Series:Биотехнология и селекция растений
Subjects:
Online Access:https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/13
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author E. B. Khatefov
V. I. Horeva
Yu. A. Kerv
T. V. Shelenga
author_facet E. B. Khatefov
V. I. Horeva
Yu. A. Kerv
T. V. Shelenga
author_sort E. B. Khatefov
collection DOAJ
description Tetraploid maize attracts breeders because of its large kernel and cob sizes, high nutrient content, and higher yield of herbage mass than diploid maize. Hence, it is important to study its biochemical composition and nutritional value in order to develop original source material for breeding. Accessions of tetraploid sweet corn from VIR’s genebank were used to analyze biochemical composition of the grain. The main task of the work was to identify differences among the accessions at the level of the metabolite spectra. A comparison of the values in the content of total sugars in kernels homozygous for the su2 gene did not reveal significant differences between diploid and tetraploid genotypes, while the fractions of sugars revealed some differences. Studies have shown that in diploid grains deviations from the reference for the total sugars content are -8.2 mg/100g, and in tetraploid ones, -2.9 mg/100g, although the overall ratio of dominant and recessive alleles (1AA:2AA) remains the same in both genotypes. Tetraploid sweet corn showed greater variability of the coefficient of variation (CV) in the grain protein content (CV = 6.80%), starch (CV = 8.27%) and oil (CV = 13.3%) compared with the diploid one. Potential donors of high protein, starch and oil contents in the kernel of tetraploid sweet corn were identified. A new cultivar of tetraploid sweet corn, ‘Baksanskaya Sakharnaya’, was developed, with a yield up to 16 t/ha of cobs in a marketable milky ripeness state and representing predominantly the double-cob type. This cultivar has high flavor qualities due to the fact that its kernels contain 16.3% of protein, 63.2% of starch, and 7.5% of oil. Moreover, the cultivar is resistant to biotic environmental factors. The tetraploid genome provides greater variability of the kernel’s biochemical composition and other economically valuable traits due to its greater genetic capacity, compared with the diploid genome. Development of new high-yielding hybrids of sweet corn based on VIR’s holdings will allow breeders to significantly broaden the genetic polymorphism and assortment of modern breeding achievements, and contribute to providing high-quality raw materials for food and canning industry.
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spelling doaj.art-2314a9c41abb4433a0dce67e5d6fafa12024-02-05T06:53:48ZengN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesБиотехнология и селекция растений2658-62662658-62582019-03-0121324110.30901/2658-6266-2019-1-32-4113Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grainE. B. Khatefov0V. I. Horeva1Yu. A. Kerv2T. V. Shelenga3 N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); Research Institute of Agriculture, Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center of the RAS. N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR).Tetraploid maize attracts breeders because of its large kernel and cob sizes, high nutrient content, and higher yield of herbage mass than diploid maize. Hence, it is important to study its biochemical composition and nutritional value in order to develop original source material for breeding. Accessions of tetraploid sweet corn from VIR’s genebank were used to analyze biochemical composition of the grain. The main task of the work was to identify differences among the accessions at the level of the metabolite spectra. A comparison of the values in the content of total sugars in kernels homozygous for the su2 gene did not reveal significant differences between diploid and tetraploid genotypes, while the fractions of sugars revealed some differences. Studies have shown that in diploid grains deviations from the reference for the total sugars content are -8.2 mg/100g, and in tetraploid ones, -2.9 mg/100g, although the overall ratio of dominant and recessive alleles (1AA:2AA) remains the same in both genotypes. Tetraploid sweet corn showed greater variability of the coefficient of variation (CV) in the grain protein content (CV = 6.80%), starch (CV = 8.27%) and oil (CV = 13.3%) compared with the diploid one. Potential donors of high protein, starch and oil contents in the kernel of tetraploid sweet corn were identified. A new cultivar of tetraploid sweet corn, ‘Baksanskaya Sakharnaya’, was developed, with a yield up to 16 t/ha of cobs in a marketable milky ripeness state and representing predominantly the double-cob type. This cultivar has high flavor qualities due to the fact that its kernels contain 16.3% of protein, 63.2% of starch, and 7.5% of oil. Moreover, the cultivar is resistant to biotic environmental factors. The tetraploid genome provides greater variability of the kernel’s biochemical composition and other economically valuable traits due to its greater genetic capacity, compared with the diploid genome. Development of new high-yielding hybrids of sweet corn based on VIR’s holdings will allow breeders to significantly broaden the genetic polymorphism and assortment of modern breeding achievements, and contribute to providing high-quality raw materials for food and canning industry.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/13maizetetraploidbiochemical compositionmutationbreeding
spellingShingle E. B. Khatefov
V. I. Horeva
Yu. A. Kerv
T. V. Shelenga
Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain
Биотехнология и селекция растений
maize
tetraploid
biochemical composition
mutation
breeding
title Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain
title_full Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain
title_fullStr Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain
title_full_unstemmed Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain
title_short Biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain
title_sort biochemical properties of tetraploid maize grain
topic maize
tetraploid
biochemical composition
mutation
breeding
url https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/13
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AT vihoreva biochemicalpropertiesoftetraploidmaizegrain
AT yuakerv biochemicalpropertiesoftetraploidmaizegrain
AT tvshelenga biochemicalpropertiesoftetraploidmaizegrain