Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri Lanka
Emerging renal biomarkers (e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)) are thought to be highly sensitive in diagnosing renal injury. However, global data on reference intervals for emerging biomarkers in younger populations are lacking. Here, we aim...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/8/684 |
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| author | P. Mangala C. S. De Silva T. D. K. S. C. Gunasekara S. D. Gunarathna P. M. M. A. Sandamini R. A. I. Pinipa E. M. D. V. Ekanayake W. A. K. G. Thakshila S. S. Jayasinghe E. P. S. Chandana Nishad Jayasundara |
| author_facet | P. Mangala C. S. De Silva T. D. K. S. C. Gunasekara S. D. Gunarathna P. M. M. A. Sandamini R. A. I. Pinipa E. M. D. V. Ekanayake W. A. K. G. Thakshila S. S. Jayasinghe E. P. S. Chandana Nishad Jayasundara |
| author_sort | P. Mangala C. S. De Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emerging renal biomarkers (e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)) are thought to be highly sensitive in diagnosing renal injury. However, global data on reference intervals for emerging biomarkers in younger populations are lacking. Here, we aimed to determine reference intervals for KIM-1 and NGAL across a pediatric population in Sri Lanka; a country significantly impacted by the emergence of chronic kidney disease of unexplained etiology (CKDu). Urine samples were collected from children (10–18 years) with no prior record of renal diseases from the dry climatic zone of Sri Lanka (N = 909). Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL concentrations were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and adjusted to urinary creatinine. Biomarker levels were stratified by age and gender, and reference intervals derived with quantile regression (2.5th, 50th, and 97.5th quantiles) were expressed at 95% CI. The range of median reference intervals for urinary KIM-1 and NGAL in children were 0.081–0.426 ng/mg Cr, 2.966–4.850 ng/mg Cr for males, and 0.0780–0.5076 ng/mg Cr, 2.0850–3.4960 ng/mg Cr for females, respectively. Renal biomarkers showed weak correlations with age, gender, ACR, and BMI. Our findings provide reference intervals to facilitate screening to detect early renal damage, especially in rural communities that are impacted by CKDu. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:54:18Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:54:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-231a37c8693745a1afdd0cd603eda3952023-11-22T07:14:25ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672021-08-018868410.3390/children8080684Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri LankaP. Mangala C. S. De Silva0T. D. K. S. C. Gunasekara1S. D. Gunarathna2P. M. M. A. Sandamini3R. A. I. Pinipa4E. M. D. V. Ekanayake5W. A. K. G. Thakshila6S. S. Jayasinghe7E. P. S. Chandana8Nishad Jayasundara9Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Sri LankaDepartment of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri LankaThe Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USAEmerging renal biomarkers (e.g., kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)) are thought to be highly sensitive in diagnosing renal injury. However, global data on reference intervals for emerging biomarkers in younger populations are lacking. Here, we aimed to determine reference intervals for KIM-1 and NGAL across a pediatric population in Sri Lanka; a country significantly impacted by the emergence of chronic kidney disease of unexplained etiology (CKDu). Urine samples were collected from children (10–18 years) with no prior record of renal diseases from the dry climatic zone of Sri Lanka (N = 909). Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL concentrations were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and adjusted to urinary creatinine. Biomarker levels were stratified by age and gender, and reference intervals derived with quantile regression (2.5th, 50th, and 97.5th quantiles) were expressed at 95% CI. The range of median reference intervals for urinary KIM-1 and NGAL in children were 0.081–0.426 ng/mg Cr, 2.966–4.850 ng/mg Cr for males, and 0.0780–0.5076 ng/mg Cr, 2.0850–3.4960 ng/mg Cr for females, respectively. Renal biomarkers showed weak correlations with age, gender, ACR, and BMI. Our findings provide reference intervals to facilitate screening to detect early renal damage, especially in rural communities that are impacted by CKDu.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/8/684KIM-1NGALchildrenCKDuSri Lankakidney biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | P. Mangala C. S. De Silva T. D. K. S. C. Gunasekara S. D. Gunarathna P. M. M. A. Sandamini R. A. I. Pinipa E. M. D. V. Ekanayake W. A. K. G. Thakshila S. S. Jayasinghe E. P. S. Chandana Nishad Jayasundara Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri Lanka Children KIM-1 NGAL children CKDu Sri Lanka kidney biomarkers |
| title | Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri Lanka |
| title_full | Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri Lanka |
| title_fullStr | Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri Lanka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri Lanka |
| title_short | Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury KIM-1 and NGAL: Reference Intervals for Healthy Pediatric Population in Sri Lanka |
| title_sort | urinary biomarkers of renal injury kim 1 and ngal reference intervals for healthy pediatric population in sri lanka |
| topic | KIM-1 NGAL children CKDu Sri Lanka kidney biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/8/684 |
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