Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses
Ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) are considered important factors to protect plants against abiotic stress. To investigate whether altered endogenous GSH and AsA affect seed germination, plant performance and the abiotic stress tolerance, GSH deficient mutant <i>cad2-1</i> and A...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/764 |
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| author | Minh Thi Thanh Hoang Mai Thi Anh Doan Thuong Nguyen Dong-Phuong Tra Thanh Nguyen Chu Thi Phuong Thao Dang Phuong Ngo Diem Quach |
| author_facet | Minh Thi Thanh Hoang Mai Thi Anh Doan Thuong Nguyen Dong-Phuong Tra Thanh Nguyen Chu Thi Phuong Thao Dang Phuong Ngo Diem Quach |
| author_sort | Minh Thi Thanh Hoang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) are considered important factors to protect plants against abiotic stress. To investigate whether altered endogenous GSH and AsA affect seed germination, plant performance and the abiotic stress tolerance, GSH deficient mutant <i>cad2-1</i> and AsA-deficient mutants (<i>vtc2-4</i> and <i>vtc5-2</i>) were phenotypically characterized for their seed germination, shoot growth, photosynthetic activity and root architecture under abiotic stresses. The <i>cad2-1</i>, <i>vtc2-4</i> and <i>vtc5-2</i> mutants showed a decrease in osmotic and salt stress tolerance, in sensitivity to ABA during seed germination, and in plant performance under severe abiotic stresses. GSH deficiency in the <i>cad2-1</i> plants affected plant growth and root development in plants exposed to strong drought, oxidative and heavy metal stress conditions. Plants with lower GSH did not show an increased sensitivity to strong salt stress (100 mM NaCl). In contrast, the mutants with lower AsA enhanced salt stress tolerance in the long-term exposures to strong salt stress since they showed larger leaf areas, longer primary roots and more lateral root numbers. Limitations on AsA or GSH synthesis had no effect on photosynthesis in plants exposed to long-term strong salt or drought stresses, whereas they effected on photosynthesis of mutants exposed to CdCl<sub>2</sub>. Taken together, the current study suggests that AsA and GSH are important for seed germination, root architecture, shoot growth and plant performance in response to different abiotic stresses, and their functions are dependent on the stress-inducing agents and the stress levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:20:02Z |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:20:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-231a7b381f8f48b584b815686593455d2023-11-21T15:31:00ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-04-0111476410.3390/agronomy11040764Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic StressesMinh Thi Thanh Hoang0Mai Thi Anh Doan1Thuong Nguyen2Dong-Phuong Tra3Thanh Nguyen Chu4Thi Phuong Thao Dang5Phuong Ngo Diem Quach6Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamLaboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamAscorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) are considered important factors to protect plants against abiotic stress. To investigate whether altered endogenous GSH and AsA affect seed germination, plant performance and the abiotic stress tolerance, GSH deficient mutant <i>cad2-1</i> and AsA-deficient mutants (<i>vtc2-4</i> and <i>vtc5-2</i>) were phenotypically characterized for their seed germination, shoot growth, photosynthetic activity and root architecture under abiotic stresses. The <i>cad2-1</i>, <i>vtc2-4</i> and <i>vtc5-2</i> mutants showed a decrease in osmotic and salt stress tolerance, in sensitivity to ABA during seed germination, and in plant performance under severe abiotic stresses. GSH deficiency in the <i>cad2-1</i> plants affected plant growth and root development in plants exposed to strong drought, oxidative and heavy metal stress conditions. Plants with lower GSH did not show an increased sensitivity to strong salt stress (100 mM NaCl). In contrast, the mutants with lower AsA enhanced salt stress tolerance in the long-term exposures to strong salt stress since they showed larger leaf areas, longer primary roots and more lateral root numbers. Limitations on AsA or GSH synthesis had no effect on photosynthesis in plants exposed to long-term strong salt or drought stresses, whereas they effected on photosynthesis of mutants exposed to CdCl<sub>2</sub>. Taken together, the current study suggests that AsA and GSH are important for seed germination, root architecture, shoot growth and plant performance in response to different abiotic stresses, and their functions are dependent on the stress-inducing agents and the stress levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/764abiotic stress toleranceascorbate (AsA)<i>cad2-1</i>glutathione (GSH)leaf areaphotosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Minh Thi Thanh Hoang Mai Thi Anh Doan Thuong Nguyen Dong-Phuong Tra Thanh Nguyen Chu Thi Phuong Thao Dang Phuong Ngo Diem Quach Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses Agronomy abiotic stress tolerance ascorbate (AsA) <i>cad2-1</i> glutathione (GSH) leaf area photosynthesis |
| title | Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full | Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_short | Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_sort | phenotypic characterization of arabidopsis ascorbate and glutathione deficient mutants under abiotic stresses |
| topic | abiotic stress tolerance ascorbate (AsA) <i>cad2-1</i> glutathione (GSH) leaf area photosynthesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/764 |
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