Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?

Statistical learning is assumed to occur automatically and implicitly, but little is known about the extent to which the representations acquired over training are available to conscious awareness. In this study, we focus whether the knowledge acquired in a statistical learning situation is consciou...

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Main Authors: Ana eFranco, Axel eCleeremans, Arnaud eDestrebecqz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2011-09-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00229/full
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author Ana eFranco
Axel eCleeremans
Arnaud eDestrebecqz
author_facet Ana eFranco
Axel eCleeremans
Arnaud eDestrebecqz
author_sort Ana eFranco
collection DOAJ
description Statistical learning is assumed to occur automatically and implicitly, but little is known about the extent to which the representations acquired over training are available to conscious awareness. In this study, we focus whether the knowledge acquired in a statistical learning situation is conscious or not. Here, participants were first exposed to an artificial language presented auditorily. Immediately thereafter, they were exposed to a second artificial language. . Both languages were composed of the same corpus of syllables and differed only in the transitional probabilities between the latter. We first controlled that both languages were equally learnable (Experiment 1) and that participants could learn the two languages and differentiate between them (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, we used an adaptation of the Process Dissociation Procedure (Jacoby, 1991) to explore whether knowledge of each language was consciously accessible and manipulable. Results suggest that statistical information can be used to parse and differentiate between two different artificial languages, and that the resulting representations are conscious.
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spelling doaj.art-2334573f611b4bd099176cc77b28f9ed2022-12-22T03:21:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782011-09-01210.3389/fpsyg.2011.0022910259Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?Ana eFranco0Axel eCleeremans1Arnaud eDestrebecqz2Université Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Libre de BruxellesStatistical learning is assumed to occur automatically and implicitly, but little is known about the extent to which the representations acquired over training are available to conscious awareness. In this study, we focus whether the knowledge acquired in a statistical learning situation is conscious or not. Here, participants were first exposed to an artificial language presented auditorily. Immediately thereafter, they were exposed to a second artificial language. . Both languages were composed of the same corpus of syllables and differed only in the transitional probabilities between the latter. We first controlled that both languages were equally learnable (Experiment 1) and that participants could learn the two languages and differentiate between them (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, we used an adaptation of the Process Dissociation Procedure (Jacoby, 1991) to explore whether knowledge of each language was consciously accessible and manipulable. Results suggest that statistical information can be used to parse and differentiate between two different artificial languages, and that the resulting representations are conscious.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00229/fullConsciousnessimplicit learningstatistical learningProcess Dissociation Procedure
spellingShingle Ana eFranco
Axel eCleeremans
Arnaud eDestrebecqz
Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?
Frontiers in Psychology
Consciousness
implicit learning
statistical learning
Process Dissociation Procedure
title Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?
title_full Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?
title_fullStr Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?
title_full_unstemmed Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?
title_short Statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively: How conscious?
title_sort statistical learning of two artificial languages presented successively how conscious
topic Consciousness
implicit learning
statistical learning
Process Dissociation Procedure
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00229/full
work_keys_str_mv AT anaefranco statisticallearningoftwoartificiallanguagespresentedsuccessivelyhowconscious
AT axelecleeremans statisticallearningoftwoartificiallanguagespresentedsuccessivelyhowconscious
AT arnaudedestrebecqz statisticallearningoftwoartificiallanguagespresentedsuccessivelyhowconscious