The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis
Abstract Objectives This meta-analysis evaluated the Efficacy and Effectiveness of several COVID-19 vaccines, including AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Bharat, and Johnson & Johnson, to better estimate their immunogenicity, benefits, or side effects. Methods Studies reporting the Efficacy and Effe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-023-00594-y |
| _version_ | 1797822930037506048 |
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| author | Marzieh Soheili Sorour Khateri Farhad Moradpour Pardis Mohammadzedeh Mostafa Zareie Seyede Maryam Mahdavi Mortazavi Sima Manifar Hamed Gilzad Kohan Yousef Moradi |
| author_facet | Marzieh Soheili Sorour Khateri Farhad Moradpour Pardis Mohammadzedeh Mostafa Zareie Seyede Maryam Mahdavi Mortazavi Sima Manifar Hamed Gilzad Kohan Yousef Moradi |
| author_sort | Marzieh Soheili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objectives This meta-analysis evaluated the Efficacy and Effectiveness of several COVID-19 vaccines, including AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Bharat, and Johnson & Johnson, to better estimate their immunogenicity, benefits, or side effects. Methods Studies reporting the Efficacy and Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines from November 2020 to April 2022 were included. The pooled Effectiveness/Efficacy with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) with Metaprop order was calculated. The results were presented in forest plots. Predefined subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results A total of twenty articles were included in this meta-analysis. After the first dose of the vaccine, the total effectiveness of all COVID-19 vaccines in our study was 71% (95% CI 0.65, 0.78). The total effectiveness of vaccines after the second dose was 91% (95% CI 0.88, 0.94)). The total efficacy of vaccines after the first and second doses was 81% (95% CI 0.70, 0.91) and 71% (95% CI 0.62, 0.79), respectively. The effectiveness of the Moderna vaccine after the first and second dose was the highest among other studied vaccines ((74% (95% CI, 0.65, 0.83) and 93% (95% CI, 0.89, 0.97), respectively). The highest first dose overall effectiveness of the studied vaccines was against the Gamma variant (74% (95% CI, 0.73, 0.75)), and the highest effectiveness after the second dose was observed against the Beta variant (96% (95% CI, 0.96, 0.96)). The Efficacy for AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines after the first dose was 78% (95% CI, 0.62, 0.95) and 84% (95% CI, 0.77, 0.92), respectively. The second dose Efficacy for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Bharat was 67% (95% CI, 0.54, 0.80), 93% (95% CI, 0.85, 1.00), and 71% (95% CI, 0.61, 0.82), respectively. The overall efficacy of first and second dose vaccination against the Alfa variant was 84% (95% CI, 0.84, 0.84) and 77% (95% CI, 0.57, 0.97), respectively, the highest among other variants. Conclusion mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 showed the highest total efficacy and effectiveness than other vaccines. In general, administering the second dose produced a more reliable response and higher effectiveness than a single dose. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:16:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23356ced2dc84f1987aabe70088a99b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-0711 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:16:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials |
| spelling | doaj.art-23356ced2dc84f1987aabe70088a99b82023-05-21T11:10:47ZengBMCAnnals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials1476-07112023-05-0122111410.1186/s12941-023-00594-yThe efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysisMarzieh Soheili0Sorour Khateri1Farhad Moradpour2Pardis Mohammadzedeh3Mostafa Zareie4Seyede Maryam Mahdavi Mortazavi5Sima Manifar6Hamed Gilzad Kohan7Yousef Moradi8Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England UniversityDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesPediatric Gastroenterology Fellowship, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Namazi teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesMassachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS)Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England UniversitySocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Objectives This meta-analysis evaluated the Efficacy and Effectiveness of several COVID-19 vaccines, including AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Bharat, and Johnson & Johnson, to better estimate their immunogenicity, benefits, or side effects. Methods Studies reporting the Efficacy and Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines from November 2020 to April 2022 were included. The pooled Effectiveness/Efficacy with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) with Metaprop order was calculated. The results were presented in forest plots. Predefined subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results A total of twenty articles were included in this meta-analysis. After the first dose of the vaccine, the total effectiveness of all COVID-19 vaccines in our study was 71% (95% CI 0.65, 0.78). The total effectiveness of vaccines after the second dose was 91% (95% CI 0.88, 0.94)). The total efficacy of vaccines after the first and second doses was 81% (95% CI 0.70, 0.91) and 71% (95% CI 0.62, 0.79), respectively. The effectiveness of the Moderna vaccine after the first and second dose was the highest among other studied vaccines ((74% (95% CI, 0.65, 0.83) and 93% (95% CI, 0.89, 0.97), respectively). The highest first dose overall effectiveness of the studied vaccines was against the Gamma variant (74% (95% CI, 0.73, 0.75)), and the highest effectiveness after the second dose was observed against the Beta variant (96% (95% CI, 0.96, 0.96)). The Efficacy for AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines after the first dose was 78% (95% CI, 0.62, 0.95) and 84% (95% CI, 0.77, 0.92), respectively. The second dose Efficacy for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Bharat was 67% (95% CI, 0.54, 0.80), 93% (95% CI, 0.85, 1.00), and 71% (95% CI, 0.61, 0.82), respectively. The overall efficacy of first and second dose vaccination against the Alfa variant was 84% (95% CI, 0.84, 0.84) and 77% (95% CI, 0.57, 0.97), respectively, the highest among other variants. Conclusion mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 showed the highest total efficacy and effectiveness than other vaccines. In general, administering the second dose produced a more reliable response and higher effectiveness than a single dose.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-023-00594-yCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2VaccineEffectivenessEfficacy |
| spellingShingle | Marzieh Soheili Sorour Khateri Farhad Moradpour Pardis Mohammadzedeh Mostafa Zareie Seyede Maryam Mahdavi Mortazavi Sima Manifar Hamed Gilzad Kohan Yousef Moradi The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectiveness Efficacy |
| title | The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | The efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines around the world: a mini-review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | efficacy and effectiveness of covid 19 vaccines around the world a mini review and meta analysis |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectiveness Efficacy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-023-00594-y |
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