Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approach
The stability of cannabidiol (CBD) under thermal (heating, microwave irradiation, presence of Bronsted and Lewis acids) and photochemical conditions has been tested in organic solvents, including glycerol and propylene glycol that are traditionally employed in the preparation of CBD-containing formu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715622001849 |
| _version_ | 1811294850658598912 |
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| author | Chiara Franco Stefano Protti Alessio Porta Federica Pollastro Antonella Profumo Barbara Mannucci Daniele Merli |
| author_facet | Chiara Franco Stefano Protti Alessio Porta Federica Pollastro Antonella Profumo Barbara Mannucci Daniele Merli |
| author_sort | Chiara Franco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The stability of cannabidiol (CBD) under thermal (heating, microwave irradiation, presence of Bronsted and Lewis acids) and photochemical conditions has been tested in organic solvents, including glycerol and propylene glycol that are traditionally employed in the preparation of CBD-containing formulation (e-liquid) for e-cigarettes.The results obtained in the present investigation point out the instability of CBD in the realistic scenario of pharmaceutical preparations and commercial products (e.g., e-liquids). In simulated e-liquid, among the by-products, the psychotropic THCs were found in negligible amounts (<5% added CBD) unless acidic catalysts are used (i.e., 40 mg/L strong acid). Cannabielsoin, Δ8-isoTHC and Δ8-THC were commonly found both as photochemical and thermal degradation products in methanol, acetonitrile and n-hexane. In the experiments performed in methanol, differently from acetonitrile and n-hexane, the solvent tends to be incorporated in the cannabinoids obtained as final products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:23:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-233fcab10cf044aca848454d37b436d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:23:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-233fcab10cf044aca848454d37b436d72022-12-22T03:00:40ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562022-01-014100465Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approachChiara Franco0Stefano Protti1Alessio Porta2Federica Pollastro3Antonella Profumo4Barbara Mannucci5Daniele Merli6Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy; PlantaChem Srls, via Amico Canobio, 28100 Novara, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, ItalyCentro Grandi Strumenti, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy; INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.The stability of cannabidiol (CBD) under thermal (heating, microwave irradiation, presence of Bronsted and Lewis acids) and photochemical conditions has been tested in organic solvents, including glycerol and propylene glycol that are traditionally employed in the preparation of CBD-containing formulation (e-liquid) for e-cigarettes.The results obtained in the present investigation point out the instability of CBD in the realistic scenario of pharmaceutical preparations and commercial products (e.g., e-liquids). In simulated e-liquid, among the by-products, the psychotropic THCs were found in negligible amounts (<5% added CBD) unless acidic catalysts are used (i.e., 40 mg/L strong acid). Cannabielsoin, Δ8-isoTHC and Δ8-THC were commonly found both as photochemical and thermal degradation products in methanol, acetonitrile and n-hexane. In the experiments performed in methanol, differently from acetonitrile and n-hexane, the solvent tends to be incorporated in the cannabinoids obtained as final products.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715622001849CBDTHCPhotochemistryDecomposition productsGC–MSE-cigarettes (e-cig) |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Franco Stefano Protti Alessio Porta Federica Pollastro Antonella Profumo Barbara Mannucci Daniele Merli Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approach Results in Chemistry CBD THC Photochemistry Decomposition products GC–MS E-cigarettes (e-cig) |
| title | Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approach |
| title_full | Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approach |
| title_fullStr | Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approach |
| title_short | Stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in solvents and formulations: A GC–MS approach |
| title_sort | stability of cannabidiol cbd in solvents and formulations a gc ms approach |
| topic | CBD THC Photochemistry Decomposition products GC–MS E-cigarettes (e-cig) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715622001849 |
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