Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation Pathway
The capabilities of pure bacterial strains and their consortia isolated from agricultural soil were evaluated during a bioremediation process of the organophosphate pesticide malathion. The pure bacterial strains efficiently degraded 50.16–68.47% of the pesticide within 15 days of incubation, and me...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Soil Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/7/4/81 |
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| author | Mohd Ashraf Dar Garima Kaushik |
| author_facet | Mohd Ashraf Dar Garima Kaushik |
| author_sort | Mohd Ashraf Dar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The capabilities of pure bacterial strains and their consortia isolated from agricultural soil were evaluated during a bioremediation process of the organophosphate pesticide malathion. The pure bacterial strains efficiently degraded 50.16–68.47% of the pesticide within 15 days of incubation, and metabolites were observed to accumulate in the soil. The consortia of three bacterial species [<i>Micrococcus aloeverae</i> (MAGK3) <i>+ Bacillus cereus</i> (AGB3) + <i>Bacillus paramycoides</i> (AGM5)] degraded the malathion more effectively, and complete malathion removal was observed by the 15th day in soils inoculated with that consortium. In contrast, the combined activity of any two of these strains was lower than the mixed consortium of all of the strains. Individual mixed consortia of <i>Micrococcus aloeverae</i> (MAGK3) + <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (AGB3); <i>Micrococcus aloeverae</i> (MAGK3) + <i>Bacillus paramycoides</i> (AGM5)<i>;</i> and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (AGB3) + <i>Bacillus paramycoides</i> (AGM5) caused 76.58%, 70.95%, and 88.61% malathion degradation in soil, respectively. Several intermediate metabolites like malaoxon, malathion monocarboxylic acid, diethyl fumarate, and trimethyl thiophosphate were found to accumulate and be successively degraded during the bioremediation process via GC–MS detection. Thus, inoculating with a highly potent bacterial consortium isolated from in situ soil may result in the most effective pesticide degradation to significantly relieve soils from pesticide residues, and could be considered a prospective approach for the degradation and detoxification of environments contaminated with malathion and other organophosphate pesticides. This study reports the use of a mixed culture of Indigenous bacterial species for successful malathion degradation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:21:44Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:21:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Soil Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-2345c026b0534c858e201119cc30a2cc2023-12-22T14:42:59ZengMDPI AGSoil Systems2571-87892023-09-01748110.3390/soilsystems7040081Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation PathwayMohd Ashraf Dar0Garima Kaushik1Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaThe capabilities of pure bacterial strains and their consortia isolated from agricultural soil were evaluated during a bioremediation process of the organophosphate pesticide malathion. The pure bacterial strains efficiently degraded 50.16–68.47% of the pesticide within 15 days of incubation, and metabolites were observed to accumulate in the soil. The consortia of three bacterial species [<i>Micrococcus aloeverae</i> (MAGK3) <i>+ Bacillus cereus</i> (AGB3) + <i>Bacillus paramycoides</i> (AGM5)] degraded the malathion more effectively, and complete malathion removal was observed by the 15th day in soils inoculated with that consortium. In contrast, the combined activity of any two of these strains was lower than the mixed consortium of all of the strains. Individual mixed consortia of <i>Micrococcus aloeverae</i> (MAGK3) + <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (AGB3); <i>Micrococcus aloeverae</i> (MAGK3) + <i>Bacillus paramycoides</i> (AGM5)<i>;</i> and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (AGB3) + <i>Bacillus paramycoides</i> (AGM5) caused 76.58%, 70.95%, and 88.61% malathion degradation in soil, respectively. Several intermediate metabolites like malaoxon, malathion monocarboxylic acid, diethyl fumarate, and trimethyl thiophosphate were found to accumulate and be successively degraded during the bioremediation process via GC–MS detection. Thus, inoculating with a highly potent bacterial consortium isolated from in situ soil may result in the most effective pesticide degradation to significantly relieve soils from pesticide residues, and could be considered a prospective approach for the degradation and detoxification of environments contaminated with malathion and other organophosphate pesticides. This study reports the use of a mixed culture of Indigenous bacterial species for successful malathion degradation.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/7/4/81malathionsoilconsortiabiodegradationmetabolites |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Ashraf Dar Garima Kaushik Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation Pathway Soil Systems malathion soil consortia biodegradation metabolites |
| title | Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation Pathway |
| title_full | Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation Pathway |
| title_short | Biodegradation of Malathion in Amended Soil by Indigenous Novel Bacterial Consortia and Analysis of Degradation Pathway |
| title_sort | biodegradation of malathion in amended soil by indigenous novel bacterial consortia and analysis of degradation pathway |
| topic | malathion soil consortia biodegradation metabolites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/7/4/81 |
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